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A;>2><J, 8 A2>5N 687=LN >=8 ?@87K20;8 @CAA:8EJ ;N459 :J A2OB>9 E@8ABi0=A:>9 687=8.  MB>BJ ?@87K2J :J A2OB>AB8, :>=5G=>, =5 <>3J 1KBL 157?;>4=K<J. EJ A2OBCN ?@>?>2c4L ?@>4>;60;8 <>=0ABK@8, :>B>@K5 8<c;8 >3@><=>5 2;iO=i5 =0 @CAA:i9 =0@>4J, :0:J 53> 1;03>40B=K5 ?@>A2cB8B5;L=K5 F5=B@K. J MB8EJ <>=0ABK@OEJ 181;i>B5:8 1K;8 =0?>;=5=K :=830<8 181;59A:8<8, 1>3>A;C651=K<8 8 >B5G5A:8<8, 8 2J >A>15==>AB8 ?>A;c4=8<8. 4cAL, ?> @C:>2>4AB2C 25;8:8EJ A2OBKEJ 8=>:>2J =B>=iO, r5>4>AiO, !5@3iO, 8@8;;0, I>A8D0 8 4@C38EJ, G8B0;8AL ?>CG5=iO 1@0Bi8 8 =0@>4C. BAN40 @07AK;0;8AL CG8B5;L=KO ?>A;0=iO 2J 3>@>40, :J 25;L<>60<J, =0@>4C 8 2>>1I5 :J ?@02>A;02=K<J @CAA:8<J ;N4O<J.<font color="#808080"><small> [AB>@8G5A:i9 >G5@:J @CAA:03> ?@>?>2c4=8G5AB20, AB@. 754, 755. !. 1879]</small></font></p> <p ALIGN="left"><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>>4J 2;iO=i5<J MB>9 <>=0ABK@A:>9 ?@>?>2c48 ?>4286=8G5A:0O 2c@0 =5 B>;L:> 2J @CAA:8EJ >18B5;OEJ =0H;0 A51c <cAB>; 2J B>9 8;8 8=>9 AB5?5=8 >=0 1K;0 ?@8ACI0 8 @CAA:8<J ;N4O<J, 682H8<J 2J <i@C. =0G5 8 1KBL =5 <>3;>.</p> <p ALIGN="left"><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>0H0 4@52=OO ?@>?>2c4=8G5A:0O ;8B5@0BC@0, @CAA:0O ;cB>?8AL, ?8AL<0 0B@i0@E0 8:>=0 8 4@C38EJ A2OB8B5;59 ?>4B25@640NBJ, GB> =0H8 ?@54:8, <i@O=5, @C:>2>4AB2>20;8AL 2J 687=8 =0AB02;5=iO<8 8=>:>2J. =8  CA2>8;8 A51c 2AN <>=0ABK@A:CN >1@O4=>ABL 8 ?> =59 CAB@>O;8 A2>8 4c9AB2iO. !8;L=0O ?@8@>40 8EJ 8 <>3CGi9 E0@0:B5@J 2K=>A8;8 <>=0H5A:i5 ?>42838 B25@4>, 4> ?>A;c4=O3> G0A0 687=8. 5 >1> 2AcEJ ?>4286=8:0EJ 1;03>G5ABiO A284cB5;LAB2C5BJ 4@52=OO 8AB>@iO... > >1I0O A@540... C1c6405BJ 2J B><J, GB> 8EJ 1K;> =58AG5B=>5 <=>65AB2> 2> 2AcEJ A>A;>2iOEJ .<font color="#808080"><small> [Ibid., AB@. 765]</small></font></p> <p ALIGN="left"><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</b> ?@5645 2A53> MB0 2c@0 @0A?>;030;0 8EJ :J >1I5AB25==>9 <>;8B2c. ;O MB>9 Fc;8 =0H8 ?@54:8 AB@>8;8 157G8A;5==>5 <=>65AB2> E@0<>2J. J >4=><J i52c 2J =0G0;c E@8ABi0=AB20 1K;> ?>AB@>5=> 4> 600 F5@:259 8 13 <>=0ABK@59. CAA:i5 ;N48, 2J >A>15==>AB8 1>30BK5, =5 I048;8 45=53J 4;O CAB@>5=iO 8 C:@0H5=iO F5@:259. 065 4><0 A2>8 >=8 C:@0H0;8 8:>=0<8 2J 284c 8:>=>AB0A0 =0?>4>1i5 F5@:28. 540@><J 0:A8<J @5:J A284cB5;LAB2>20;J, GB>  @CAA:i5 AB@>OBJ 25;8:>;c?=K5 E@0<K .  C@1A:i9 ?8A0;J, GB>  2AO 75<;O @CAA:0O >BJ :@0O 4> :@0O, ?>4>1=> G8AB>9 ?H5=8Fc, 45@68BAO 2c@>N 2J >30. 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">@65AB25==K5 :@5AB=K5 E>4K A>25@H0;8AL 25AL<0 G0AB> . <font color="#808080"><small>[=0<5=A:i9, AB>@iO @CAA:. &5@:28, AB@. 163]</small></font></p> <p ALIGN="left"><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>=3;i9A:i9 ?>A>;J ?@8 F0@c r5>4>@c I>0==>28Gc $;5BG5@J, >AC640O @CAA:i9 =0@>4J 70 53> =@02AB25==K5 =54>AB0B:8, 2A5 65 A>7=05BAO, GB>  =01>6=>ABL 3>A?>4AB2>20;0 2J >AAi8 . <font color="#808080"><small>[AB>@. >G5@:J @CA. ?@>?>2c 4=., AB@. 767]</small></font></p> <p ALIGN="left"><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</b> 07C<c5BAO, =5;L7O A<>B@cBL =0 4c;> B0:J, GB> 2c@0 4@52=59 CA8 8AG5@?K20;0AL 5O 2=cH=8<J 1;03>G5ABi5<J 8 2K@060;0AL 3;02=K<J >1@07><J 2J CAB@>5=i8 25;8:>;c?=KEJ E@0<>2J. @0240, AJ B>G:8 7@c=iO 8AB8==03> ?@02>A;02=03> 2>77@c=iO, E@0<>740B5;LAB2> O2;O5BAO >4=8<J 87J 25;8G09H8EJ A?0A8B5;L=KEJ 4;O =0AJ 4c;J, ?>A:>;L:C 74cAL ?@>O2;O5BAO =5 B>;L:> =0H0 2c@0 2> %@8AB0, => 8 8AB8==0O ;N1>2L :J >3C, :>B>@0O AB>8BJ 2> 3;02c 2AcEJ >65AB25==KEJ 70?>2c459.</p> <p ALIGN="left"><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>!;c4>20B5;L=>, 74cAL =C6=> :>=AB0B8@>20BL 2KO2;5=i5 =0H8<8 ?@54:0<8 A0<>9 4c9AB25==>9 2c@K 8EJ  B>9, :>B>@0O, ?> A;>2C ?>AB>;0, <i>;N1>2iN ?>A?cH5AB2C5<0.</i><font color="#808080"><small> [0;. 5. 6]</small></font></p> <p ALIGN="left"><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>4=0:>, =0H8 ?@54:8 MB8<J =5 >3@0=8G820;8AL. =8 A>7840;8 E@0<K >6i8, :0:J <cAB0 >A>15==KEJ, CA5@4=KEJ A2>8EJ <>;8B2J, A>25@H5=i5 :>8EJ 1K;> 4;O =8EJ =0AB>OI8<J 8 25;8:8<J 0A:5B8G5A:8<J ?>4283><J. =>3i5 ?>AcI0;8 F5@:>2L :064K9 45=L. cI0=5 8 :C?FK 2J 3>@>40EJ 5654=52=> E>48;8 :J @0==59 ;8BC@3i8, 0 =5@c4:>  8 :J ?>74=59.  654=52=>5 ?>AcI5=i5 F5@:28, 2J >A>15==>AB8 2> 4=8 ?@074=8:>2J, 2E>48;> 4065 8 2J ?@842>@=K9 MB8:5BJ. >74>@>202H8AL AJ 1>O@0<8, F0@L 2<cABc AJ =8<8 >B?@02;O;AO :J >1c4=c 2J 4><>2CN F5@:>2L; 2J 1>;LH>9 ?@074=8:J  2J A>1>@J, 8;8 2J <>=0ABK@L... >;8B2K F5@:>2=KO 1K;8 ?@>4>;68B5;L=K 2J ?>ABK, ?@8 8A?>2c48, >A>15==>  2J 5;8:i9 ?>ABJ. ;5:Ac9 8E09;>28GJ 2J 5;8:i9 ?>ABJ 2KAB0820;J A;C61C F5@:>2=CN ?> G5BK@5 G0A0, ?>;030;J ?> 1500 ?>:;>=>2J 8 MB8<J C482;O;J 8=>AB@0=F52J . <font color="#808080"><small>[AB>@. >G5@:J @CA. ?@>?>2c 4=8G., AB@. 719, 767, 771]</small></font></p> <p ALIGN="left"><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>!;c4CO <>=0ABK@A:><C CAB02C, 0 2J >A>15==>AB8 A;>20<J !2OI5==03> 8A0=iO > =5?@5AB0==>9 <>;8B2c, ?@54:8 2A53> 1>;c5 ;N18;8 <>;8B2C. >MB><C >=8 =5 B>;L:> <>;8;8AL 2J F5@:28, => 8 4><0.</p> <p ALIGN="left"><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</b> J :><=0Bc, 34c AB>O;> =081>;LH5 >1@07>2J, A>18@0;0AL 2AO A5<LO 8 ?@8A;C30, 706830;8AL ;0<?04K 8 A2cG8, :C@8;8 ;040=><J. %>7O8=J G8B0;J 2A;CEJ CB@5==iO <>;8B2K, 8=>340 70CB@5=N 8 G0AK, A<>B@O ?> 4>AC3C, C<c=LN 8 AB5?5=8 1;03>G5ABiO; C<c2Hi5 ?cBL  ?c;8. # 7=0B=KEJ ;N459 8 C :=O759 1K;8 4><>2KO F5@:28, 8 2Ac 4><0H=i5 AE>48;8AL 2J F5@:>2L, 34c <>;8B2K, CB@5=N 8 G0AK A;C68;J A2OI5==8:J, 0 ?>A;c 1>3>A;C65=iO :@>?8;J ?@54AB>OI8EJ A2. 2>4>N. 0Bc<J 2Ac @0AE>48;8AL 4;O A2>8EJ 70=OBi9 . <font color="#808080"><small>[AB>@. >G5@:J @CA. ?@>?>2c 4=8G., AB@. 766]</small></font></p> <p ALIGN="left"><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>>, =5A<>B@O =0 2AN B@C4=>ABL >ACI5AB2;5=iO <i@O=0<8 <>;8B25==KEJ ?@028;J, ?><cI5==KEJ 2J !;c4>20==>9 A0;B8@8, MB8 ?@028;0 >=8 AB0@0;8AL 2K?>;=OBL =5C:;>==>. 064K9 @CAA:i9 ?@02>A;02=K9 G5;>2c:J 565=54c;L=> 2KG8BK20;J 8;8 2KA;CH820;J 2AN A0;B8@L, 25AL<0 <=>3i5 87J =8EJ :;0;8 5654=52=> 4> 1200 ?>:;>=>2J AJ <>;8B2>N I8ACA>2>9. >;8B2C >A?>4=N, >3>@>48FC 8 !u<2>;J c@K G8B0;8 ?> =cA:>;L:C @07J 2J 45=L. @><c B>3>, >=8 G8B0;8 <>;8B2K 2> 2AO:>5 2@5<O 70 4c;><J, GB>1K =5 @072;5:0BLAO AC5B=K<8 4c;0<8 8 ?><KA;0<8.<font color="#808080"><small> [Ibid., AB@. 719]</small></font></p> <p ALIGN="left"><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>"0:0O ?>4286=8G5A:0O 2c@0 =0H8EJ ?@54:>2J =5 <>3;0 =5 @0A?>;>68BL 8EJ :J 4@C3>9 0A:5B8G5A:>9 4>1@>4cB5;8, AB>;L A2>9AB25==>9 ?@02>A;02=K<J 2c@CNI8<J ;N4O<J AJ A0<KEJ 0?>AB>;LA:8EJ 2@5<5=J. K 8<c5<J 2J 284C ?>ABJ. CAA:i5 ;N48 4@52=59 >AAi8 >B;8G0;8AL >A>15==> AB@>38<J 2>745@60=i5<J 2> 4=8 5;8:03> ?>AB0 8 2J ?>ABK, :>B>@K5 =0;030;8AL =0 =8EJ ?> ?>2>4C >1I5AB25==KEJ 8;8 3>AC40@AB25==KEJ 1c4AB2i9. 0:J ?>AB8;8AL =0H8 ?@54:8, >1J MB><J ;CGH5 2A53> A284cB5;LAB2CNBJ A;>20 ;cB>?8AF0:  >AAiO=5-<i@O=5, 3>2>@8BJ >=J, 2J 5;8:i9 ?>ABJ ?8B0NBAO @c4L:>N, :0?CAB>N 8 E@c=><J, 20@5=>5 c4OBJ 2J AC11>BK 8 =54c;8; >BJ @K1K 2>745@6820NBAO 2AOG5A:8, :@><c ;03>2cI5=iO 8 =54c;8 0i9. ;03>3>2c9=c9Hi5 ?>ABOBJ 70 3@cE8 A2>8 AB@>65; B>;L:> E;c10 :CA>:J AJc40NBJ ?> ?>;C4=8, >1<0:=C2J 53> 2J ?5?5;J.  <>=0E8, =5@02=> <i@A:8<J, 45@60BJ 65AB>:>5 68Bi5, 2A5340, :>340 ?>ABOBAO, AJc40NBJ B>;L:> :CA>:J E;c10 AJ 2>4>N 2J ACB:8 .<font color="#808080"><small> [Ibid., AB@. 772 773]</small></font></p> <p ALIGN="left"><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>>745@60=i5 >BJ <OA0 8 @K1K =0 2AN 687=L A@548 <i@O=J 1K;> 25AL<0 =5@c4:8<J O2;5=i5<J.  =c:>B>@K5 8AB8==K5 8=>:8, =0?@8<c@J, A2. r5>4>Ai9 5G5@A:i9, ?>4>1=> A0<><C !?0A8B5;N, C548=O;8AL 8 2K45@6820;8 2> 4=8 5;8:03> ?>AB0 A>@>:04=52=>5 ?>I5=i5. >A;01;5=iO 2J 4@52=59 CA8 =5 4>?CA:0;8AL, 8 2KAHiO ;8F0 1K;8 >1@07F><J AB@>303> 2>745@60=iO. ;5:Ac9 8E09;>29GJ 2J ?>=54c;L=8:J, A@54C 8 ?OB=8FC 2J B5G5=i5 :064>9 A54<8FK 5;8:03> ?>AB0 =8G53> =5 c;J, 0 2J >AB0;L=K5 4=8 B>;L:> >1c40;J. @8 >1I5AB25==KEJ 1c4AB2iOEJ &5@:>2L =0;030;0 =0 2AcEJ B@5E4=52=K9 ?>ABJ, =5 4c;0O 8A:;NG5=iO 2J 40==><J A;CG0c 8 4;O 4cB59.</p> <p ALIGN="left"><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>=>3> 8 4@C38EJ E@8ABi0=A:8EJ 4>1@>4cB5;59 1K;> ?@8ACI5 @CAA:8<J ;N4O<J AB0@>9 >AAi8, :0:J ?@>O2;5=i5 2A5 B>9 65 2c@K 8EJ. > >A>15==> >=8 >B;8G0;8AL <8;>A5@4i5<J :J 1c4=K<J 8 3>AB5?@i8<AB2><J. N1>2L :J 1;86=8<J 2> 2AcEJ 5O ?@>O2;5=iOEJ 1K;0 A0<>N >B;8G8B5;L=>N G5@B>N @CAA:03> =0@>40 8A:>=8. =0 8AE>48;0 87J 8EJ 2c@K 2> %@8AB0 8 ;N128 :J 5<C. >MB><C >=8 B2>@8;8 <8;>ABK=N 1c4=K<J 8 1c4AB2CNI8<J A2>8<J 1@0BLO<J, >B=>AO 55 :J ;8FC !?0A8B5;O, A>3;0A=> 3> A;>20<J, :>B>@KO =J A:065BJ =0 !B@0H=><J AC4c !2>5<J B2>@82H8<J <8;>ABK=N: <i>?>=565 A>B2>@8AB5 548=><C A8EJ 1@0Bi9 >8EJ <5=H8EJ, =c A>B2>@8AB5.</i> <font color="#808080"><small>[s. 25, 40]</small></font></p> <p ALIGN="left"><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>5;8:i5 :=O7LO A;C68;8 ?@8<c@><J <8;>A5@4iO.  <=>38EJ 87J =8EJ =0H8 ;cB>?8A8 3>2>@OBJ:  1OH5 <8;>AB82J ?0G5 <c@K, =8IiO <8;CO, AB0@FK 8 24>28FK 70ABC?0O, >1848<KO 87K<0O . . :=O7L I>0==J ?>;CG8;J 4065 =0720=i5 0;8BK, 81> =>A8;J AJ A>1>9 <cH>:J AJ 45=L30<8 4;O @0740G8 1c4=K<J. 72cAB=> B0:65, GB> 0B@i0@EJ $8;0@5BJ A>45@60;J =0 A2>8 A@54AB20 2J >A:2c 1>304c;L=8, 1>;L=8FK 8 A8@>BA:i5 4><0. 0B@i0@EJ 8:>=J 2KAB@>8;J 2J >23>@>4c G5BK@5, 0 2J >A:2c 42c 1>304c;L=8. 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IV, AB@. 142. 070=L. 1908 3]</SMALL></FONT> "> 65 A0<>5 CAB0=02;8205BAO 8 49-<J ?@028;><J VI-3> A5;5=A:03> !>1>@0, <font color=#808080><small>[Ibid., B, IV, 874. -5. 070=L. 1908. AB@. 287]</SMALL></FONT> 0 B0:65 1-<J ?@028;><J 2C:@0B=03> !>1>@0 8 12 ?@028;><J VII A5;5=A:03> !>1>@0. 284C B0:>9 A2OI5==>9 =5?@8:>A=>25==>AB8 F5@:>2=03> 8<CI5AB20, 2870=Bi9A:8<J 8<?5@0B>@><J 02@8:i5<J 1K;J 8740=J A;c4CNIi9 70:>=J:  A;8 :B> @048 >2;04c=iO ;8 8;8 ?> 27OB:c ?@8G8=8BJ >184C &5@:28 8;8 70E20B8BJ 25I8, >B40==KO >3C 8 3> &5@:28 8 GB> =0E>48BAO ?>4J 8B@>?>;8B0<8, @Ei5?8A:>?0<8, ?8A:>?0<8 8 <>=0ABK@O<8, 1C45BJ ;8 B> 4>E>4K 8;8 8<CI5AB20, B> ?CABL >=J =5 2848BJ <8;>AB8 !2. "@>8FK 2J 45=L AC4=K9, => >B?045BJ >BJ E@8ABi0=A:03> 8<5=8, :0:J >B?0;J IC40 >BJ 12-8 ?>AB>;>2J 8 40 1C45BJ ?@>:;OBJ 2Ac<8 A2OBK<8 .<font color=#808080><small> [@>D. 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I>0==0 0AAi0=0 B>;L:> 1;03>40BL, A>>1I05<0O =0<J 2J B08=AB20EJ ?@02>A;02=>9 &5@:28, <>65BJ A?0AB8 =0AJ, 81> B>;L:> ?@8 5O ?><>I8 <>6=> ?>1c640BL AB@0AB8 8 4>AB830BL =@02AB25==03> A>25@H5=AB20. <font color=#808080><small>["2>@. ?@. I>0==0 0AAi0=0. >A:20 1892, AB@. 385, 404 405, 408 409; A@02=. "2>@. A2. !u<5>=0 >2. >3. . <font face="Royal Times New Roman">I</FONT> , AB@. 154; . II, AB@. 542]</SMALL></FONT>  ?> CG5=iN A2. !u<5>=0 >203> >3>A;>20, 1;03>40BL !2. CE0 8 5ABL B0 >45640, 157J :>B>@>9 =5;L7O 1C45BJ 2>9B8 2J =515A=K9 G5@B>3J %@8AB0 4;O 2cG=03> 1;065=AB20.<font color=#808080><small>[ "2>@. A2. !u<5>=0 >2. >3>A;. . <font face="Royal Times New Roman">I</FONT> <font face="Royal Times New Roman">I</FONT> , AB@. 394; A@02=. AB@. 416, ibid. . I, AB@. 184, 364]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>>, :0:J 284c;8 <K, 1;03>40B8 !2. 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CE0. > ?>A;c4=OO =5 4c9AB2C5BJ 8 =5 A?0A05BJ =8 8EJ A0<8EJ, =8 8EJ ?0A><KEJ, ?>G5<C :0B>;8G5A:0O i5@0@EiO 1>;c 5 =5A5BJ >B2cBAB25==>AB8 ?@54J >3><J, Gc<J 5O ?0AB20, 81> >=0 ?@iO;0 :;NGJ @07C<c=iO, => 8 A0<0 =5 2E>48BJ 2J &0@AB2> %@8AB>2>, 8 4@C38EJ =5 4>?CA:05BJ 2>9B8 2J =53>. <font color=#808080><small>[C:. 11, 52; s. 23, 13]</SMALL></FONT> 0B>;8G5A:>9 i5@0@Ei8 A;c4C5BJ 2A5340 ?><=8BL ?5G0;L=K9 >1@07J IC4K. =J C4>AB>8;AO >BJ >30 ?@8=OBL "c;> 8 @>2L 3>. > MB> 25;8G09H55 >65AB25==>5 40@>20=i5 ?>A;C68;> 5<C =5 2> A?0A5=i5, 0 2J ?>3815;L 8 2cG=>5 >AC645=i5.</P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B> ;NB5@0=0EJ 3>2>@8BL =5 ?@8E>48BAO. =8 A>2Ac<J =5 8<cNBJ 2=CB@5==59 ?5@5@>640NI59 1;03>40B8 !2. CE0, B0:J :0:J C =8EJ =cBJ B08=AB20 !2. u@>?><070=iO, 2J :>B>@><J ?>40NBAO 40@K !2. CE0 4;O C:@c?;5=iO 8 2>7@0I5=iO 2J E@8ABi0=A:>9 687=8.</P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>>=5G=>, <K =8:>340 =5 4>?CAB8<J =0H53> A<cH5=iO AJ :0B>;8:0<8, ;NB5@0=0<8 8 4@C38<8 8=>A;02=K<8 E@8ABi0=0<8 8 A>E@0=8<J A2>N ?@02>A;02=CN 2c@C 2J =5?@8:>A=>25==>9 G8AB>Bc, 5A;8 3;C1>:> CA2>8<J =5?@5@5:05<CN 4;O =0AJ 8AB8=C, GB>, 1C4CG8 B>;L:> 2J >3@04c =0H59 &5@:28, <K ?@51C45<J AJ 1;03>40BiN !2. CE0, :0:J 8AB>G=8:><J =0H53> 2@5<5==03> 8 2cG=03> A?0A5=iO, 8 GB> 2=c MB>9 >3@04K <K ;8H8<AO A59 1;03>40B8 8 ?>381=5<J =02c:8.</P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>>MB><C ?CABL ?@02>A;02=0O 2c@0 =5 B>;L:> 1C45BL =0<8 BI0B5;L=> E@0=8<0, => ?CABL 1C45BJ >A=>2>N, ?@>=8:0NI5N 2A5 =0H5 ACI5AB2> 2J 42865=iOEJ 53> C<0, 2>;8 8 A5@4F0. =0G5 A:070BL, ?@02>A;02=0O 2c@0 4>;6=0 1KBL 4;O =0AJ :@8B5@i5<J 8AB8=K ?@8 >Fc=:c 2AO:03> G5;>2cG5A:03> CG5=iO 8;8 4cO=iO. -B0 >Fc=:0 2=c 2AO:03> A><=c=iO, 1C45BJ A>>B2cBAB2>20BL 8AB8=c, 81> ?@02>A;02=0O 2c@0 ?>1C48BJ =0AJ 4;O @07@cH5=iO B>3> 8;8 4@C3>3> 2>?@>A0 >1@0B8BLAO :J >3>>B:@>25==><C 8 A2OB>>B5G5A:><C CG5=iN, ?@>=8:=CB><C CE><J !2OBK<J, >B>@03> >A?>4L =0720;J CE><J 8AB8=K.<font color=#808080><small> [I>0=. 14, 17; 15, 26; 16, 13]</SMALL></FONT> J ?@02>A;02=>9 2c@c <K 4>;6=K ?>;CG0BL >@C6i5 4;O 1>@L1K A> 3@cE><J 8 =5A5=iO :@5AB0 =0H8EJ A:>@159, B0:J :0:J G@57J 2c@C 2J F5@:>2=KEJ <>;8B20EJ, 1>3>A;C65=iOEJ 8 B08=AB20EJ =0<J ?>405BAO >65AB25==0O A8;0 >BJ ">3> 65 CE0 !2OB03>, 0B>@03> >A?>4L =0720;J A8;>N.<font color=#808080><small> [cO=. 1, 8] </SMALL></FONT>c@0 ?@02>A;02=0O 4>;6=0 1KBL 4;O =0AJ 8 A@54AB2><J :J ?>;CG5=iN >65AB25==>9 @04>AB8, 81> B>;L:> ?@8 5O =0;8Gi8 A2. &5@:>2L >18;L=> 87;8205BJ =0 =0AJ CBcH5=i5 2J B08=AB20EJ 8 4@C38EJ 8AB>G=8:0EJ 1;03>40B8 !2. CE0, >B>@03> =540@><J =0720;J >A?>4L #BcH8B5;5<J.<font color=#808080><small> [I>0=. 14, 16. 26; 15, 26; 16, 17]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B> ?CABL ?@02>A;02=0O 2c@0, 3>A?>4AB2CO B0:8<J >1@07><J 2> 2A5<J =0H5<J ACI5AB2c, 1C45BJ 2J B> 65 2@5<O 2c@>9 8A?>2c4=8G5A:>9, 40 7=0NBJ 2Ac, GB> >=0 5ABL 4;O =0AJ A0<0O 3;02=0O A8;0, 5ABL =0H0 ?>1c40, ?>1c482H0O <8@J.<font color=#808080><small> [I>0=. 5, 4]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>J 40==><J A;CG0c =0H8 ?@54:8 4>;6=K >?OBL 1KBL 4;O =0AJ ?@8<c@><J. Ac<J A2>8<J @5;83i>7=K<J 1KB><J >=8 >B:@KB> 8A?>2c4K20;8 A2>N ?@02>A;02=CN, F0@AB2CNICN 2J =8EJ 2c@C 8 A284cB5;LAB2>20;8, GB> >=0 4;O =8EJ 4>@>65 2A53> 2J <i@c. =8 =5 ABK48;8AL 1KBL ?@02>A;02=K<8, 8 2J A2>59 ;8G=>9, >1I5AB25==>9 8 3>AC40@AB25==>9 687=8 8 4cOB5;L=>AB8 ?>:07K20;8, GB> 2c@0 ?@02>A;02=0O A>AB02;O5BJ ACI=>ABL 8EJ 687=8 8 :J =59 =0?@02;5=K 2A5Fc;> 8EJ A5@4F0.</P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>J =5AG0ABiN 4;O >AAi8, C65 ?@8 5B@c, :0:J 284c;8 <K, =0H8 ?@54:8 ?>4J 2;iO=i5<J ?@>B5AB0=B87<0 8 70?04=03> ?@>A2cI5=iO =0G0;8 ABK48BLAO A2>59 2c@K, AB0;8 ?@OB0BL 55. -B>BJ ABK4J A2>59 2c@K, 8AE>4OIi9 87J BI5A;02=03> >?0A5=iO ?>:070BLAO >BAB0;K<8 ?@54J ;815@0;L=> 8 0B58AB8G5A:8 =0AB@>5==K<8 >1@07>20==K<8 ;N4L<8 2J ?>A;c4=55 2@5<O, ?@54J 3815;LN =0H59 @>48=K, 4>AB83J 2KAH59 A2>59 AB5?5=8. 5 2c@0 ?@02>A;02=0O, 0 MB>BJ ?03C1=K9 ABK4J AB0;J 3>A?>4AB2CNI59 A8;>9 2J >AAi8, 2J >A>15==>AB8 4;O 8=B5;;835=B=03> @CAA:03> >1I5AB20. 2868<>5 ;>6=K<J ABK4><J <=>65AB2> @CAA:8EJ ;N459 AB0=>28;>AL 2J @O4K 1571>6=>9 8 @52>;NFi>==>9 8=B5;;835=Fi8, E>BO 8EJ @07C<J 8 A>2cABL 1K;8 ?@>B82J MB>3> <0;>4CHiO.</P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>J 25;8:><C A>60;c=iN 8 4> A8EJ ?>@J 1>;LH0O G0ABL @CAA:8EJ ;N459, ?> :@09=59 <c@c, ?@>6820NI8EJ 703@0=8F59, =5 <>65BJ @07AB0BLAO AJ MB8<J ?>7>@=K<J 8 3815;L=K<J ABK4><J, 8 E>BO 8<c5BJ ?@02>A;02=CN 2c@C, => 5O =5 8A?>2c4C5BJ, :0:J A2>N 3>A?>4AB2CNICN A8;C. >MB><C :J =8<J >B=>AOBAO A;>20 %@8AB0: <i>65 >B25@65BAO 5=5 ?@54J G5;>2c:8, >B25@3CAO 53> 8, 7J ?@54J BF5<J >8<J, 865 =0 =515AcEJ.</I><font color=#808080><small> [s. 10, 33]</SMALL></FONT><i> 65 1> 0I5 ?>ABK48BAO 5=5 8 >8EJ A;>25AJ 2J @>4c A5<J ?@5;N1>4c9=c<J 8 3@cH=c<J, 8 !K=J '5;>2cG5A:i9 ?>ABK48BAO 53>, 5340 ?@i845BJ 2> A;02c BF0 !2>53> A> =35;K A2OBK<8.<font color=#808080><small> </I>[:. 8, 38]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>@82545==KO A;>20 %@8AB0 ?>:07K20NBJ, GB> =54>AB0B>G=> B>;L:> 2c@>20BL ?@02>A;02=>: =04> 5I5 =0HC 2c@C 8A?>2c4K20BL, 5A;8 <K =5 E>B8<J 1KBL >B25@65==K<8 >BJ >30 70 =0HJ ;>6=K9 ABK4J, :>B>@K9, :>=5G=>, 8AE>48BJ 87J =0H53> BI5A;02iO.  3@cEJ BI5A;02iO B0:J 25;8:J, GB> ?@8 =5<J =5;L7O 4065 8<cBL 8AB8==>9 A?0A8B5;L=>9 2c@K 2> %@8AB0, ?>G5<C =J 8 A:070;J: <i>0:> 2K <>65B5 2c@>20B8, A;02C 4@C3J >BJ 4@C30 ?@i5<;NI5.</I><font color=#808080><small> [I>0=. 5, 44]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B> 07C<c5BAO, <K =5 8<c5<J 8A?>2c4=8G5A:>9 2c@K =5 B>;L:> ?> BI5A;02iN, => 8 ?> 4@C38<J >A=>20=iO<J. K A:@K205<J A2>5 ?@02>A;02i5 2J A8;C AB@0E0 >BJ A<5@B5;L=>9 >?0A=>AB8, GB> 2J >A>15==>AB8 =01;N405BAO B5?5@L 2J >AAi8; 8;8  2A;c4AB2i5 >?0A5=iO ;8H8BLAO 2@5<5==KEJ 4;O =0AJ 2K3>4J, GB> 8<c5BJ <cAB> =5 B>;L:> =0 @>48=c =0H59, => 8 74cAL, 70 3@0=8F59.</P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>0 =5 1C45BJ MB>3> 2J =0H59 687=8, :0:iO 1K >A=>20=iO =8 ?>1C640;8 =0AJ 2>745@6820BLAO >BJ 8A?>2c40=iO ?@02>A;02=>9 2c@K. CABL ?@02>A;02=0O 2c@0 ?@>=8:05BJ 2AN =0HC 4cOB5;L=>ABL 2> 2AcEJ 5O >1;0ABOEJ. c:>340 A2. I>0==J K;LA:i9, =515A=K9 ?>:@>28B5;L 25;8:03> ?0ABK@O >. I>0==0 @>=HB04A:03>, 2J A2>5<J ?>A;0=i8 1;03>G5AB82><C >;30@A:><C F0@N 5B@C, C2cI520;J 53> ;560BL 2J =>30EJ <0B5@8 A2>59 &5@:28 8 A:;>=OBL A2>N 25@E>2=CN 2;0ABL 2J F0@A:8EJ 3>AC40@AB25==KEJ 4c;0EJ ?@54J 5O ?5@2>A2OB8B5;O<8:  0;O9AO ?>4J =>30<0 <0B5@5 B2>5O &5@:25. @8?0409 CA5@4=>, 8 25@EJ ?@5:;>=O9 B>O ?5@2>?@5AB>;L=8:><J .<font color=#808080><small> [ 8Bi5 8 687=L ?@5?>4>1=03> 8 >3>=>A=03> >BF0 =0H53> I>0==0 K;LA:03> GC4>B2>@F0''. c;3@04J 1836 3., AB@. 26 27]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>0:J 65 ?>A;c MB>3> =0<J, @CAA:8<J ?@02>A;02=K<J ;N4O<J, =5 A:;>=OBLAO ?@54J ?@02>A;02=>N &5@:>2LN, 2J ;8Fc 5O i5@0@Ei8 8 F5@:>2=>9 2;0AB8, 2> 2AcEJ A2>8EJ =5 B>;L:> ;8G=KEJ, => 8 >1I5AB25==KEJ 4c;0EJ?!</P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>CABL 2Ac @CAA:iO >@30=870Fi8, 2?;>BL 4> ?>;8B8G5A:8EJ 8<cNBJ A2>5N >A=>2>N ?@02>A;02=CN 2c@C 8 5O CG5=i5, 4c9AB2CNBJ 2> 8<O MB>9 2c@K 8 AJ 1;03>A;>25=iO F5@:>2=>9 2;0AB8, >:07K20O 157CA;>2=>5 59 ?>A;CH0=i5. CABL MB8 >@30=870Fi8 4065 8<5=CNBAO ?@02>A;02=K<8, 81> 8<O ?@02>A;02=K9 4>;6=> 1KBL 4;O =0AJ A0<K<J 4@03>Fc==K<J 8 2>64c;5==K<J, 8, :0:J 687=5==>5 @C:>2>4AB2>, 4>;6=> >1O7K20BL =5 >BABC?0BL >BJ ?@02>A;02=>9 2c@K 2J =0H59 4cOB5;L=>AB8, =0?@>B82J, =0?@02;OBL ?>A;c4=NN :J 5O B>@65AB2C.</P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>"0:J, <K 4>;6=K 8A?>2c4K20BL A2>N 2c@C 2J A>7=0=i8, GB> G@57J =55 =0H8 ?@54:8 4>AB83;8 B>3>, GB> >A?>4L F0@AB2>20;J 2J A5@4F0EJ 8EJ !2>5N 1;03>40BiN AJ 5O A2OB>ABLN 8 1;065=AB2><J.</P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>> MB>N 65 2c@>N =0H8 ?@54:8 ?@i>1@cB0;8 8 B>, GB> !0<J >A?>4L ?>:@>28B5;LAB2>20;J >AAi8 !2>5N 2A5<>3CI5N A8;>N, ?>:@K20O 55 !2>8<J 157:>=5G=K<J <8;>A5@4i5<J, ?>G5<C >=0 8 A4c;0;0AL A0<>N <>3CI5AB25==>N 8 A;02=>N AB@0=>N.</P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>Ac MB8 1;030 ?>40ABJ >A?>4L 8 =0<J, 5A;8 <K, ?>4>1=> =0H8<J ?@54:0<J, 1C45<J 8<cBL 8EJ 2c@C 8;8 845>;>3iN, :>B>@0O <>65BJ 70:;NG0BLAO 2J 42CEJ B>;L:> A;>20EJ: ?@02>A;02=0O 2c@0.</P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>?@>G5<J, ?@54:8 =0H8, :0:J >1J MB><J <K 3>2>@8;8 2KH5, 8<c;8 5I5 >4=> A2>9AB2> 2J A2>59 2c@c. EJ 2c@0 1K;0 A<8@5==>9, B0:J :0:J 8<J 1K;> ?@8ACI5 ?>:0O=i5, MB> 8AB8==>5 2K@065=i5 A<8@5=iO.</P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>;03>40@O A<8@5=iN, 157J :>B>@03> =8:0:i5 8AB8==K5 ?>42838 E@8ABi0=A:>9 687=8 =52>7<>6=K, 2c@0 =0H8EJ ?@54:>2J 8 1K;0 0A:5B8G5A:>9 8 ?5@5E>48;0 2J 8A?>2c4=8G5A:CN. -B> ?>=OB=>: A<8@5=i5<J !2>8<J >A?>4L, !?0A8B5;L =0HJ, ?>1c48;J 4i02>;0, ?@>A;028;AO >65AB25==>N A;02>N 8 40@>20;J =0<J A?0A5=i5. <i>!<8@8;J !515, ?>A;CH;82J 1K2J 4065 4> A<5@B8, A<5@B8 65 :@5AB=KO. "c<65 8 >3J 3> ?@52>7=5A5 8 40@>20 <C 8<O 565 ?0G5 2AO:03> 8<5=5.</I><font color=#808080><small> [$8;8?. 2, 8 9]</SMALL></FONT><i> </I>-B> A<8@5=i5 <C C3>4=> 1K;> ?>;>68BL 2J >A=>20=i5 8 2A59 =0H59 E@8ABi0=A:>9 687=8 ?> 3> >65AB25==K<J 70?>2c4O<J, :>B>@KO =J 87@5:J 2J !2>59 =03>@=>9 ?@>?>2c48.<font color=#808080><small> [s. 5, 1 12]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>J A>>B2cBAB2i8 AJ MB8<J, A2. 0:0@i9 5;8:i9 A<>B@8BJ =0 A<8@5=i5, :0:J =0 >A=>20=i5 E@8ABi0=AB20.  A=>20=i5<J E@8ABi0=AB2C ,  3>2>@8BJ >=J,   A;C68BJ B>, GB>1K G5;>2c:J, 5A;8 8 A>25@H8BJ 4c;0 ?@024K, =5 C?>:>520;AO =0 =8EJ 8 =5 ?>G8B0;J A51O 25;8:8<J, => 1K;J =8IJ 4CE><J <font color=#808080><small> ["2>@. ?@5?. 0:0@iO 38?5BA:. !2. "@>8F:. 02@0, 1904 3. AB@. 35]</SMALL></FONT>. > CG5=iN A53> A2. >BF0 &5@:28 2J MB><J A<8@5=i8 A>AB>8BJ 8 A0<K9 ?@87=0:J E@8ABi0=AB20.  >BJ ?@87=0:J E@8ABi0=AB20,  3>2>@8BJ >=J,  A:>;L:> =8 ?>B@C48HLAO, A:>;L:> =8 A>25@H8HL ?@0254=KEJ 4c;J  >AB020BLAO 2J B>9 <KA;8, 1C4B> 1K =8G53> B>1>N =5 A4c;0=>... %>BO 1K 8 ?@02545=J 1K;J BK ?@54J >3><J, 4>;65=J 3>2>@8BL:  O =5 ?@0254=8:J, =5 B@C6CAL, 0 :064K9 45=L =0G8=0N B>;L:> .<font color=#808080><small> [Ibid., AB@. 197, A@02=. "2>@. A2. !u<5>=0 >2. >3. 2. I. AB@. 154]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>"0:J A<>B@c;8 =0 A<8@5=i5 8 4@C3i5 A2. >BFK &5@:28. =8 CG8;8, GB> A<8@5=i5 8<c5BJ A8;C 8AB@51;OBL 2Ac :>7=8 4i02>;0,<font color=#808080><small> [>CG5=iO ?@. 022K >@>s5O, AB@. 135, 874. ?B. ?CAB. >A:20 1888 3]</SMALL></FONT> 2AO:>5 7;> 2J =0AJ<font color=#808080><small> [#G5=i5 ?@. A8EiO > B@5725=i8 8 <>;8B2c. >1@>B>;N1. II B., AB@. 171. >A:20 1896] </SMALL></FONT>8 2Ac =0H8 AB@0AB8.<font color=#808080><small> [>CG5=iO ?@. 022K >@>s5O, AB@. 302 303]</SMALL></FONT>  84c;J O,  3>2>@8BJ ?@5?. =B>=i9 5;8:i9,   >4=064K 2Ac AcB8 2@030, @0A?@>AB5@BKO ?> 75<;c 8 A> 274>E><J A:070;J: :B> 65 871c3=5BJ 8EJ? > CA;KH0;J 3;0AJ, 3>2>@OIi9 <=c: A<8@5==><C4@i5 . <font color=#808080><small>[>1@>B>;N1i5, <font face="Royal Times New Roman">I</FONT> B., AB@. 134. >A:20 1895]</SMALL></FONT>  >8AB8=c,  A284cB5;LAB2C5BJ 0220 >@>s59,   =cBJ =8G53> :@c?G5 A<8@5==><C4@iO, =8GB> =5 ?>1c6405BJ 53> .<font color=#808080><small> [Ibid. B. II, AB@. 605. >A:20 1896]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>>MB><C >=>  :0:J CG0BJ A2. >BFK &5@:28: 2s8<i9 >2K9 (25@A:i9), 0:A8<J 02A>:0;828BJ 8 @83>@i9 !8=08BJ,  5ABL <0BL, =0G0;> 8 :>@5=L 2Ac EJ 4>1@>4cB5;59<font color=#808080><small> [s>=A:i9 ?0B5@8:J. 74. CA. 0=B5;58<. <>=-@O =0 s>=c, G. 1, AB@.: 108 109, 269, 323. !. 1876 3]</SMALL></FONT>  8 AB@0EJ >6i9 , 3>2>@8BJ A2.&nbsp;220 >@>s59,  =8 <8;>ABK=O, =8 2c@0, =8 2>745@60=i5, =8 4@C30O :0:0O-;81> 4>1@>4cB5;L =5 <>65BJ 1KBL A>25@H5==>N 157J A<8@5==><C4@iO .<font color=#808080><small> [>1@>B>;N1i5, B. <font face="Royal Times New Roman">I</FONT> <font face="Royal Times New Roman">I</FONT> , AB@. 605] </SMALL></FONT>57J A<8@5=iO 8 A0<0O <>;8B20, :0:J A284cB5;LAB2C5BJ ?@5?>4>1=K9 0:0@i9 38?5BA:i9, =5 1C45BJ 4;O =0AJ ?>;57=0<font color=#808080><small> ["2>@. ?@. 0:0@iO 38?5BA:03>, AB@. 374]</SMALL></FONT>, 8 25AL ?>4283J E@8ABi0=A:>9 687=8 1C45BJ 4;O =0AJ AC5B5=J, <font color=#808080><small>[B5G=8:J ?8A:. 3=0BiO @O=G0=8=>20, AB@. 400. !. 1880 3]</SMALL></FONT> B0:J :0:J, ?> A;>20<J A2. A00:0 !8@i0=8=0,  GB> A>;L 4;O 2AO:>9 ?8I8, B> A<8@5=i5 4;O 2AO:>9 4>1@>4cB5;8 . <font color=#808080><small>["2>@. A2. A00:0 !8@i0=8=0. !;>20 ?>4286=8G5A:iO, AB@. 244. >A:20 1854 3]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>7J MB8EJ A;>2J ?@5?. A00:0 O2AB2C5BJ, GB> A<8@5=i5 5ABL :@8B5@i9, 157>H81>G=> >?@54c;ONIi9: 34c 5ABL 8AB8==0O 4>1@>4cB5;L, 8 34c 5O =cBJ. <J >?@54c;O5BAO =0H5 =@02AB25==>5 8 4CE>2=>5 ?@5CA?cO=i5:  =0A:>;L:> G5;>2c:J ?>3@C78BAO 2J A<8@5=i5, =0AB>;L:> ?@5CA?c5BJ 8 2>7=5A5BAO .<font color=#808080><small> [B5G=8:J ?. 3=0BiO, AB@. 400]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>">;L:> >=>, =0:>=5FJ, <>65BJ 4>25AB8 G5;>2c:0 4> 2KA>BK =@02AB25==03> A>25@H5=AB20:  8:B> =5 <>65BJ ,  3>2>@8BL A2. I>0==J 0AAi0=J,   4>AB83=CBL ?>A;c 4=O3> ?@54c;0 A>25@H5=AB20 8 G8AB>BK 8=0G5, :0:J A<8@5=i5<J 8AB8==K<J .<font color=#808080><small> [>1@>B>;N1i5, B. II, AB@. 87]</SMALL></FONT>  A0<>5  A>25@H5=AB2> G5;>2c:0  5ABL A<8@5=i5 .<font color=#808080><small> [B5G=8:J ?. 3=0BiO @O=G0=8=>20, AB@. 400]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>!?@0H8205BAO, ?>G5<C 65 A<8@5=i5 8<c5BJ B0:CN 25;8:CN A8;C 4;O =0H59 682>9 2c@K AJ 5O E@8ABi0=A:8<8 4>1@>4cB5;O<8 8 ?>42830<8?</P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>>B><C, GB> >=> =872>48BJ =0 =0AJ >65AB25==CN A8;C 4;O 87102;5=iO =0AJ >BJ 2AcEJ =0H8EJ 2@03>2J 2848<KEJ 8 =52848<KEJ. <i>> A<8@5=i8 =0H5<J,</I> 3>2>@8BJ A0;<>?c25FJ, <i>?><O=C;J =K >A?>4L, 8 871028;J =K 5ABL >BJ 2@03>2J =0H8EJ.</I><font color=#808080><small> [A0;. 135, 23 24]</SMALL></FONT> !8;0 A<8@5=iO A>AB>8BJ 2J B><J, GB> AJ =8<J A>548=O5BAO 1;03>40BL !2. CE0 ?> A;>2C ?>AB>;0: <i>>3J 3>@4K<J ?@>B828BAO, A<8@5==K<J 65 405BJ 1;03>40BL,</I> <font color=#808080><small>[I0:. 4, 6; I 5B@. 5, 5]</SMALL></FONT> :>B>@0O, :0:J =0 A2>5<J ?@5AB>;c, ?>G8205BJ 2J A<8@5==KEJ. <font color=#808080><small>[#G5=i5 ?@. D@5<0 !8@i0=8=0. >1@>B>;N1i5, B. <font face="Royal Times New Roman">I</FONT> <font face="Royal Times New Roman">I</FONT> , AB@. 479]</SMALL></FONT> BAN40 ?>=OB=>, ?>G5<C >A?>4L B@51C5BJ >BJ =0AJ, GB>1K <K 4;O A>548=5=iO AJ 8<J =0CG8;8AL 3> A<8@5=iN, 3>2>@O: <i>@i848B5 :> =c... 8 =0CG8B5AO >BJ 5=5, O:> :@>B>:J 5A<L 8 A<8@5=J A5@4F5<J.</I><font color=#808080><small> [s. 11, 29]</SMALL></FONT> /A=> >BAN40 8 B>, ?>G5<C >A?>4L 2> 3;02C 2AcEJ !2>8EJ >65AB25==KEJ 70?>2c459 ?>;>68;J A<8@5=i5,<font color=#808080><small> [s. 5, 3]</SMALL></FONT> 81> B>;L:> G@57J A<8@5=i5 >A?>4L <>65BJ 40@>20BL =0<J !2>N 1;03>40BL, 157J :>B>@>9 =5;L7O 8A?>;=OBL 3> >65AB25==KO 70?>2c48 8 =52>7<>6=> A4c;0BL =8G53> 4>1@03>, A>3;0A=> AJ 3> A;>20<8: <i>57J 5=5 =5 <>65B5 B2>@8B8 =8G5A>65.</I><font color=#808080><small> [I>0=. 15, 5]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>>, 5A;8 A<8@5=i5 A4c;0;> 2c@C =0H8EJ ?@54:>2J 0A:5B8G5A:>N 8 8A?>2c4=8G5A:>N, B> >=> 1K;> 8 ?@8G8=>N, ?>G5<C >=8 A2>N 2c@C A>45@60;8 2> 2A59 5O ?@02>A;02=>9 G8AB>Bc, GC64>9 2AO:8EJ 5@5B8G5A:8EJ 701;C645=i9. -B> A<8@5=i5, 2K@060OAL 2A5340 2J ?>:0O=i8 =0H8EJ ?@54:>2J, =5 4>?CA:0;> 3>@4>AB8 2;04cBL 8EJ A5@4F0<8. > A284cB5;LAB2C I8ACA0 AK=0 !8@0E>20, 3>@4>ABL 5ABL =0G0;> 3@cE0 8 >BABC?;5=iO >BJ >A?>40.<font color=#808080><small> [!8@0E. 10 15]</SMALL></FONT> 0:J A<8@5=i5 5ABL 8AB>G=8:J 2AcEJ 4>1@>4cB5;59, B0:J 3>@4>ABL, ?> CG5=iN A2. I>0==0 0AAi0=0, 5ABL 8AB>G=8:J 2AcEJ 3@cE>2J 8 ?@5ABC?;5=i9;<font color=#808080><small> [>1@>B>;N1i5, B. <font face="Royal Times New Roman">II</FONT> , AB@. 84]</SMALL></FONT> 8;8, ?> A;>20<J ?@5?>4>1=03> I>0==0 cAB28G=8:0,   =0G0;L=8F0 8 7025@H8B5;L=8F0 2AcEJ 7>;J .<font color=#808080><small> [Ibid. AB@. 543]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>J G0AB=>AB8 3>@4>ABL O2;O5BAO ?5@2>N 8 3;02=>N ?@8G8=>N 2AcEJ 5@5A59. =0, ?> CG5=iN ?@5?>4>1=03> 8;0 !8=09A:03>,  =8725@3;0 0@E0=35;0 AJ =510 8 A4c;0;0 B>, GB> >=J, :0:J <>;=iO, A?0;J =0 75<;N .<font color=#808080><small> [>1@>B>;N1i5, B. <font face="Royal Times New Roman">II</FONT> , AB@. 268; A@02=. CG5=i5 ?@. A8EiO, ibid., AB@. 202]</SMALL></FONT> > GB> 65 ?@54AB02;O5BJ A>1>N 53> ?045=i5 ?> A2>59 >A=>2c, :0:J =5 5@5AL, 81> 45==8F0, 2>73>@482H8AL A2>5N G@572KG09=>N A;02>N, ?><KA;8;J, GB> >=J <>65BJ 1KBL @025=J >3C. "0:J 3>@4>ABL @>48;0 2J =5<J ?5@2CN 5@5AL, >BJ :>B>@>9 >=J =02c:8 ?>381J.</P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>"0:J 3>@4>ABL ?@825;0 8 =0H8EJ ?@0@>48B5;59 :J B>9 65 5@5A8, B.&nbsp;5. :J ;>6=>9 <KA;8, GB> >=8 <>3CBJ 1KBL @02=K<8 >3C, ?>G5<C ?@5?>4>1=K9 $8;>s59 !8=09A:i9 8 A:070;J, GB>  40<J ?0;J 87J-70 3>@4>AB8 .<font color=#808080><small> [Ibid. B. III, AB@. 449. >A:20 1888 3]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>"0:J, ?>A;c MB>3>, 3>@4>ABL AB0;0 @>640BL 2AO:iO 5@5B8G5A:iO 701;C645=iO, :>B>@KO 2;5:;8 70 A>1>N >B?045=i5 >BJ >30 8, 2J A8;C MB>3>  2A52>7<>6=KO =5AG0ABLO 2J 687=8 ;N459.</P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>!<8@5=i5 AJ A2>8<J ?>:0O=i5<J >3@0640;> =0H8EJ ?@54:>2J >BJ 5@5A59, 0 2<cABc AJ Bc<J, >BJ 3815;8 @>48=K, 8, 1C4CG8 >A=>20=i5<J ?@8ACBAB2iO 2J =59 25;8:>9 1;03>40B8, 1K;> 2J B> 65 2@5<O >A=>20=i5<J 5O 25;8GiO 8 A;02K. > :0:J B>;L:> @CAA:i5 ;N48 2ABC?8;8 =0 ?CBL 4i02>;LA:>9 3>@4>AB8 8;8 BO6:03> 3@cE0 5@5B8G5A:03> 8 0B58AB8G5A:03> >BABC?;5=iO >BJ ?@02>A;02=>9 2c@K, B> 1;03>40BL !2. CE0, MB>BJ 8AB>G=8:J A?0A8B5;L=>9 687=8, AB0;0 >AB02;OBL =0HC >AAiN, 8 >=0 =0:>=5FJ 1K;0 225@65=0 2J <>@5 =5A;KE0==KEJ =5AG0ABi9.</P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>C45<J 2A5340 ?><=8BL, 70 GB> <K =0:070=K >3><J. 0, ?5@568205<KO 1c4K A;CG8;8AL 2J =0H59 @CAA:>9 687=8 >BB>3>, GB> <K >BABC?8;8 >BJ ?@02>A;02=>9 2c@K. > MB>3> =5 1K;> 1K AJ =0<8, 5A;8 1K <K =5 2>73>@48;8AL 8 ?@>4>;60;8 1K ?@51K20BL 2J A<8@5=i8 8 ?>:0O=i8, :>B>@KO C:@0H0;8 2c@C =0H8EJ ?@54:>2J. CABL =570125==K<8 4;O =0AJ 2A5340 1C4CBJ A;>20 ?@5?>4>1=03> 0@:0 >4286=8:0, A:0702H03>:  A;8 1K <K AB0@0;8AL > A<8@5==><C4@i8, B> =5 1K;> 1K =C64K 2J =0:070=i8 =0AJ, 81> 2A5 7;>5 8 A:>@1=>5, A;CG0NI55AO AJ =0<8, ?@8:;NG05BAO =0<J 70 2>7=>H5=i5 =0H5. A;8 =0 ?>AB>;0, GB>1K >=J =5 ?@52>7=>A8;AO, ?>?CI5=J 1K;J 0=35;J A0B0=8=J  <i>40 ?0:>AB8 5<C 4c5BJ,</I> Bc<J 1>;c5 =0 =0AJ, :>340 ?@52>7=5A5<AO, A0<J A0B0=0 ?>?CI5=J 1C45BJ ?>?8@0BL =0AJ, ?>:0 <K =5 A<8@8<AO. @0>BFK =0H8 2;04c;8 4><0<8, 8<c;8 1>30BAB2>, 8<c;8 65=J, 701>B8;8AL > 4cBOEJ, 8 2<cABc AJ Bc<J, ?> ?@8G8=c A2>53> =5=0AKB8<03> A<8@5==><C4@iO, 15Ac4>20;8 AJ >3><J; 0 <K C40;8;8AL >BJ <i@0, ?@57@c;8 1>30BAB2>, >AB028;8 4><K 8 4C<0O, GB> ?@51K205<J AJ >3><J, 1K205<J ?>@C30=K 1cA0<8 70 ?@52>7=>H5=i5 =0H5 .<font color=#808080><small> [>1@>B>;N1i5, B. <font face="Royal Times New Roman">I</FONT> , AB@. 514 515. >A:20 1895 3]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>-B8 A2OB>>B5G5A:iO A;>20 4>;6=K 8<cBL 4;O =0AJ >3@><=>5 687=5==>5 7=0G5=i5, 81> >=8 =0H;8 A51c >?@0240=i5 2J 687=8 @CAA:03> =0@>40. !8;0 MB8EJ A;>2J 5I5 1>;c5 C25;8G8205BAO 4;O =0AJ Bc<J >1AB>OB5;LAB2><J, GB> >=c ?@54AB02;ONBJ 2J A2>59 ACI=>AB8 1>3>>B:@>25==KO A;>20, A:070==KO =c:>340 >A?>4><J G@57J >8A5O :>340-B> 871@0==><C, 0 =K=c >B25@65==><C 52@59A:><C =0@>4C 8 >?@0240==KO A0<>N 687=iN ?>A;c4=O3>. !;>20 MB8 8<cNBJ 3;C1>:>5 687=5==>5 7=0G5=i5 8 4;O =0AJ.<i> I5 65 =5 ?>A;CH05B5 5=5 =865 A>B2>@8B5 ?>25;c=i9 >8EJ A8EJ... 8 7J A>B2>@N A8F5 20<J, 8 =0254C =0 20AJ A:C4>ABL, 8 :@0ABC, 8 65;BO=8FC, 2@5640NICN >G8 20H0, 8 4CHK 20H0 8AB0O20NHCN: 8 ?>Ac5B5 2>BI5 Ac<5=0 20H0, 8 ?>O4OBJ O AC?>AB0BK 20H0,  ?045B5 ?@54J 2@038 20H8<8, 8 ?>65=CBJ 2K =5=0284OIi8 20AJ 8 ?>1c3=5B5 =8:><C65 3>=OIC 20AJ.  0I5 4> A53> =5 ?>A;CH05B5 5=5, 8 ?@8;>6C =0:070B8 2K O720<8 A54<864K 70 3@cE0 20H0; 8 A>:@CHC 4>A0645=i5 3>@4K=8 20H5O, 8 ?>;>6C =51> 20<J 0:8 65;c7=>, 0 75<;N 20HC 0:8 <c4O=C.  1C45BJ 2>BI5 :@c?>ABL 20H0, 8 =5 40ABJ 75<;O 20H0 Ac<5=5 A2>53>, 8 4@520 A5;0 20H53> =5 404CBJ ?;>40 A2>53>.  0I5 ?> A8EJ ?>945B5 AB@0=>N, 8 =5 2>AE>I5B5 ?>A;CH0B8 5=5, ?@8;>6C 20<J O72J A54<L ?> 3@cE><J 20H8<J.  0I5 A8<8 =5 =0:065B5AO, => ?>945B5 :> =c AB@0=>N, ?>94C 8 7J AJ 20<8 2J</I> <i>O@>AB8 AB@0=>N, 8 ?>@06C 2K 8 7J A54<064K 3@cEJ @048 20H8EJ.</I> <i></I> <i>=0254C =0 2K <5GJ <ABO9 <5ABL 702cB0 8 21c3=5B5 2J 3@04K 20H0, 8 ?>A;N =0 2K A<5@BL, 8 ?@540=8 1C45B5 2J @CFc 2@03J 20H8EJ...  OAB8 1C45B5, 8 =5 =0AKB8B5AO. I5 65 2J A8EJ =5 ?>A;CH05B5 5=5, 8 ?>945B5 :> =c AB@0=>N, 0 7J... =0:06C 2K... A54<064K ?> 3@cE><J 20H8<J.  OAB8 1C45B5 ?;>B8 AK=>2J 20H8EL, 8 ?;>B8 4I5@59 20H8EJ OAB8 8<0B5.  A>B2>@N 3@04K 20H0 ?CABK, 8 >?CAB>HC A2OB0O 20H0, 0 =5 >1>=ON 2>=8 65@B2J 20H8EJ; 8 A>B2>@N ?CABC 7J 75<;N 20HC 8 C482OBAO > =59 2@078 20H8, 682CIi8 =0 =59.  @07AK?;N 2K 2J O7K:8, 8 ?>B@518BJ 2K =0E>4O9 <5GJ, 8 1C45BJ 75<;O 20H0 ?CAB0, 8 3@04K 20H8 1C4CBJ ?CABK -  =5 2>7<>65B5 ?@>B82C AB0B8 2@03><J 20H8<J...  8A?>2c4OBJ 3@cE8 A2>O, 8 3@cE8 >B5FJ A2>8EJ, O:> ?@5ABC?8H0 8 ?@57@cH0 O, 8 O:> E>48H0 ?@54> =>N AB@0=>N; 8 7J ?>94C AJ =8<8 2J O@>AB8 AB@0=>N... B>340 CA@0<8BAO A5@4F5 8EJ =5>1@c70=>5, 8 B>340 ?>7=0NBJ 3@cE8 A2>O.  ?><O=C 702cBJ I0:>2;L,... A00:>2J,... 2@00<;L; 8 75<;N ?><O=C... 5 ?@57@cEJ 8EJ =865 2>7=53>4>20EJ > =8EJ, O:> ?>B@518B8 O... 7J 1> 5A<L >A?>4L >3J 8EJ.</I> <font color=#808080><small>[528BJ 26, 14 21; 23 29; 31 33; 37; 40 42; 44. !@02=8 B>@. 11, 27; A0. 1, 19 20]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>>=5G=>, 2A5 MB> <K 4>;6=K A2OB> E@0=8BL 2J A2>59 ?0<OB8, => =5 4>;6=K MB8<J >3@0=8G8BLAO. A;8 <K E>B8<J A?0A5=iO A51c 8 >AAi8, <K 4>;6=K A0<K<J 4c;><J 25@=CBLAO :J 2c@c =0H8EJ ?@54:>2J, 8 2J >A>15==>AB8  :J 2c@c, >A=>20==>9 =0 A<8@5=i8 8 ?>:0O=i8, :>B>@0O =872>48;0 =0 =8EJ 1;03>40BL !2. CE0, 0 2<cABc AJ =5N A2OB>ABL 687=8 8 >3@0640;0 8EJ >BJ 4i02>;LA:>9 3>@4>AB8, >BJ 5O 5@5B8G5AB20 8 1571>6iO, :0:J 8AB>G=8:0 2AcEJ 1c4AB2i9, ?5@568205<KEJ =0<8 =K=c.</P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>>MB><C ?CABL A<8@5==0O 2c@0 ?@54:>2J 2>?;>I05BAO 2J A>2@5<5==>9 =0H59 687=8. =0G5 A:070BL, ?CABL =0H0 @CAA:0O 845>;>3iO  ?@02>A;02=0O 2c@0, A>?@>2>6405BAO =5 B>;L:> E@8ABi0=A:8<8 4>1@>4cB5;O<8, 0?>AB>;LA:>N G8AB>B>N A2>53> CG5=iO, :0:J 8AB>G=8:><J 4c9AB25==>9 1;03>40B8, 8 8A?>2c4=8G5AB2><J, => 1C45BJ >A=>20=0 =0 A<8@5=i8, 157J :>B>@03>, ?> A;>20<J A2. !u<5>=0 >203> >3>A;>20, =8G53> 4>1@03> =5 1K205BJ.<font color=#808080><small> ["2>@5=. A2. !u<5>=0 >2. >3. . <font face="Royal Times New Roman">II</FONT>, AB@. 542]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>4=0:>, MB0 A<8@5==0O 2c@0 1C45BJ A?0A8B5;L=K<J 4>AB>O=i5<J 4;O =0AJ 8 4;O >AAi8 B>;L:> 2J B><J A;CG0c, 5A;8 <K 2ABC?8<J =0 ?CBL ?5@203> 2K@065=iO A<8@5=iO, B.&nbsp;5. =0 ?CBL ?>:0O=iO 2> 3@cE0EJ A2>8EJ, >A>15==>, 2J A0<><J BO6:><J 3@cEc =0H5<J, 2J :>B>@><J ?>28==K 0:B82=> 8;8 ?0AA82=> 2Ac @CAA:i5 ;N48,  2J 3@cEc 1C=B0@AB20 ?@>B82J A0<>45@602=>9 2;0AB8 =0H53> F0@O  ><070==8:0 >6iO3>. -B>BJ 3@cEJ O2;O5BAO 4;O =0AJ B0:8<J BO6:8<J ?>B><C, GB> 8<c5BJ 70 A>1>N CB@0BC @CAA:8<8 ;N4L<8 A>2cAB8, C40;5=i5 8EJ >BJ &5@:28,  5O 2c@K, CG5=iO 8 1;03>40B8. =J 5ABL 25@EJ 8;8 ?;>4J BcEJ @07=>284=KEJ @5;83i>7=>-=@02AB25==KEJ BO6:8EJ ?@5ABC?;5=i9, :>B>@KO A>25@H0;8AL @CAA:8<8 ;N4L<8 2J B5G5=i5 <=>38EJ 8 <=>38EJ ;cBJ.</P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>7=0G5==K9 3@cEJ B0:J 25;8:J 2J >G0EJ >6i8EJ, GB> ?5@5?>;=8;J G0HC >65AB25==03> 4>;3>B5@?c=iO. >BJ ?>G5<C ?>A;c >B25@65=iO @CAA:8<J =0@>4><J A2>53> F0@O >A?>4L B>BG0AJ >B25@3L 8 >AAiN, 8 >=0 ?>3@C78;0AL 2J ?@>?0ABL =5A;KE0==KEJ 1c4AB2i9.</P><b> <p align=left>&nbsp;</P></FONT><font face="Royal Times New Roman" size=+1> <p align=left><a name=4> '" "/</A></P></FONT></B><font face="Royal Arial"> <p align=left></FONT><b><font face="Royal Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></B><font face="Royal Arial">!CI=>ABL ?>:0O=iO 4;O @CAA:8EJ ;N459, ?@8=8<02H8EJ 0:B82=>5 8 ?0AA82=>5 CG0ABi5 2J 3@cEc 1C=B0@AB20 ?@>B82J F0@A:>9 A0<>45@602=>9 2;0AB8.</P></FONT><font face="Royal Times New Roman"> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>!?@0H8205BAO, 2J G5<J 65 4>;6=> A>AB>OBL =0H5 ?>:0O=i5 2J BO6:><J 3@cEc 1C=B0@AB20 ?@>B82J F0@A:>9 2;0AB8?</P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>"0:J :0:J =5 2Ac @CAA:i5 ;N48 2J >48=0:>2>9 AB5?5=8 74cAL ?>28==K, B> MB> ?>:0O=i5 =5 4;O 2AcEJ 87J =0AJ 4>;6=> 1KBL >48=0:>2K<J. ;O BcEJ @CAA:8EJ ;N459, :>B>@K5 A>7=0B5;L=> 8 0:B82=> H;8 ?@>B82J A0<>45@602=>9 2;0AB8 =0H53> &0@O  ><070==8:0 >6iO3>, B@51C5BAO 2J 40==><J A;CG0c ?>;=>5 2>7@>645=i5 A2>53> 4CE0 AJ @048:0;L=K<J C=8GB>65=i5<J A0<>9 ?@8G8=K AB@0H=03> 3@cE0  1C=B0@AB20 ?@>B82J A2OI5==>9 >3>CAB0=>2;5==>9 2;0AB8. BJ =8EJ B@51C5BAO C=8GB>65=i5 2J A51c =52c@iO 8 ABO60=i5, ?>A@54AB2><J 682>3> >1I5=iO AJ ?@02>A;02=>9 &5@:>2LN, 1;03>40B=>9 4CE>2=>9 =0AB@>5==>AB8 8 687=8 4;O A>548=5=iO A> %@8AB><J.</P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>-B8<J @CAA:8<J ;N4O<J =04> A;c4>20BL 2J A2>59 687=8 CG5=iN A2. >BF>2J &5@:28, :>B>@K5 =0<J ?>:07K20NBJ, 2J G5<J 4>;6=> A>AB>OBL ?>:0O=i5. > A284cB5;LAB2C A2. A00:0 !8@i0=8=0, ?>:0O=i5 A>AB>8BJ 2J B><J, GB>1K  >AB028BL ?@56=55 8 ?5G0;8BLAO > =5<J .<font color=#808080><small> [ >1@>B>;N1i5 , B. t, AB@. 395, . 1889 3] </SMALL></FONT>"0:J, 2J ACI=>AB8, >?@54c;ONBJ ?>:0O=i5 8 4@C3i5 A2. >BFK, 3>2>@O, GB>  ?>:0O=i5 2J B><J A>AB>8BJ, GB>1K >B2@0I0BLAO >BJ 3@cE0 <font color=#808080><small>[Ibid., B. I, AB@. 372: #G5=i5 A2. 22. A0i8]</SMALL></FONT> 8  =5 2>72@0I0BLAO 2A?OBL . <font color=#808080><small>[Ibid., AB@. 24: #G5=i5 A2. =B>=iO 5;8:03>]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>> A2OBK5 >BFK CG8;8, GB> ?>:0O=i5 =5 B>;L:> 5ABL @cH8B5;L=>5 >AB02;5=i5 ?@56=8EJ 3@cE>2J, => 8  A>25@H5=i5 1;038EJ 4c;J, ?@>B82=KEJ ?@56=8<J 3@cE0<J, <font color=#808080><small>[Ibid., B. <font face="Royal Times New Roman">I</FONT> <font face="Royal Times New Roman">I</FONT> , AB@. 495: #G5=. A2. D@5<0 !8@i0=8=0]</SMALL></FONT>  ?>A@54AB2><J 70?>2c459 %@8AB>2KEJ, <font color=#808080><small> [Ibid., B. <font face="Royal Times New Roman">I</FONT> , AB@. 49: #G5=. A2. 0@:0 >4286=8:0] </SMALL></FONT>8, :>=5G=>, 1;03>40B8 !2. CE0.  A0<>5 ?>:0O=i5 >=8 =07K20;8 1;03>40BiN.  0:J 1;03>40BL =0 1;03>40BL,  3>2>@8BJ A2. A00:J !8@i0=8=J,  ;N4O<J ?> :@5I5=i8 40=> ?>:0O=i5; ?>B><C GB> ?>:0O=i5 5ABL 2B>@>5 2>7@>645=i5 >BJ >30.  B> 40@>20=i5, :>B>@03> 70;>3J ?@iO;8 <K >BJ 2c@K, ?@i5<;5<J ?>:0O=i5<J. >:0O=i5 5ABL 425@L <8;>AB8, >B25@AB0O CA8;5==> 8ICI8<J 53>; A5N 425@iN 2E>48<J 2J >6iN <8;>ABL; :@><c MB>3> 2E>40, =5 >1@cB5<J <8;>AB8 . <font color=#808080><small>["2>@5=iO A2. A00:0 !., A;>2> 83, AB@. 428]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>-B>9 <8;>ABiN, 40@C5<>N =0<J >BJ >30 G@57J ?>:0O=i5, ?> A2OB>>B5G5A:><C CG5=iN, 8 O2;O5BAO =0H5 2>A:@5A5=i5 5I5 2J 75<=>9 687=8, GB> B> 65  2>7@>645=i5.  >:0O=i5,  3>2>@8BJ A2. D@5<J !8@i0=8=J  5ABL 4@52> 687=8, 2>A:@5H0NI55 <5@B2KEJ 3@cE0<8..., ?>B><C GB> :>3> 3@cEJ 3C18BJ, BcEJ >=> 2>7A>78405BJ :J >6i59 A;02c .<font color=#808080><small> [ >1@>B>;N1i5 , B. II., AB@. 349]</SMALL></FONT>  >340, ?> A;>20<J A2. 22K A0i8, >AB028BJ G5;>2c:J 3@cE8 A2>8 8 >1@0B8BAO :J >3C, B> ?>:0O=i5 2>7@>6405BJ 53>, :0:J 3>2>@8BJ ?>AB>;J: <i>O:>65 >1;5:>E><AO 2> >1@07J ?5@AB=03>, 40 >1;5G5<AO 8 2> >1@07J =515A=03></I> (1 >@. 15, 49). 848HL ;8, GB> >3J 40;J G5;>2c:C 87<c=OBLAO G@57J ?>:0O=i5 8 A>25@H5==> =>2K<J A>4c;K20BLAO G@57J =53> . <font color=#808080><small>[ >1@>B>;N1i5'', AB@. 413; A@. B2>@. A2. !u<5>=0 .&nbsp;.; K?. I; A;. 30-5, AB@. 118  119. >A:20. 1882 3]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>A;8 @CAA:i5 ;N48, 1;03>40@O A2>5<C =52c@iN, ?>28==K5 2J 0:B82=><J 2>7AB0=i8 ?@>B82J A0<>45@602=>9 F0@A:>9 2;0AB8, ?>:0OBAO 2J A<KA;c 87;>65==03> A2OB>>B5G5A:03> CG5=iO 8 Bc<J A0<K<J C=8GB>60BJ 2J A51c ?>G2C, =0 :>B>@>9 2>7@>AJ 8 A>25@H8;AO MB>BJ A0B0=8=A:i9 3@cEJ ?@>B82;5=iO, B> A0<> A>1>N 87<c=8BAO 8EJ >B=>H5=i5 :J F0@A:>9 2;0AB8 87J >B@8F0B5;L=03> =0 ?>;>68B5;L=>5.</P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>'B> 65 :0A05BAO <=>65AB20 @CAA:8EJ ;N459, =5 >BABC?02H8EJ >BJ ?@02>A;02=>9 2c@K, => ?>28==KEJ 2J B>9 8;8 8=>9 <c@c 2J ?@540B5;LAB2c F0@O A2>8<J ?>?CAB8B5;LAB2><J, B> 8EJ ?>:0O=i5 4>;6=> A>AB>OBL 2J >B:@KB><J 8A?>2c40=i8 8AB8=K, GB> >4=>N 87J >A=>2J 2>7@>645=iO >AAi8 O2;O5BAO F0@A:0O A0<>45@602=0O 2;0ABL ><070==8:0 >6iO3>. C45<J A284cB5;LAB2>20BL, GB> =8:0:0O 8=0O D>@<0 ?@02;5=iO 2J >AAi8 =5 ?@i5<;5<0, GB> =0HJ 3>AC40@AB25==K9 AB@>9 B>;L:> <>65BJ 1KBL A>>1@07=K<J ?@02>A;02=>9 2c@c @CAA:03> =0@>40, B0:J :0:J B>;L:> >1J MB>9 2;0AB8 3>2>@OBJ =0<J >3>>B:@>25==K5 ?8A0B5;8 8 A2. >BFK, :0:J > ?@>8AH54H59 >BJ >30, A284cB5;LAB2CNBJ > 5O =5?@8:>A=>25==>AB8, B@51CNBJ ?>G8B0=iO 5O, :>B>@>5 4>;6=> 2K@060BLAO 2J =0H8EJ <>;8B20EJ 70 F0@O 8 53> 2;0ABL, :0:J >A=>2C 1;03>45=AB25==>9 687=8, 8 2J =0H5<J 59 ?>28=>25=i8.</P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B> ?@>8AE>645=i8 F0@A:>9 2;0AB8 >BJ >30 <K 8<c5<J ?@5:@0A=>5, >A=>20==>5 =0 !2. 8A0=i8, CG5=i5 >A:>2A:03> 8B@>?>;8B0 $8;0@5B0. <cO 2J 284C A;>20 ?. 02;0: <i>=cABL 1> 2;0ABL, 0I5 =5 >BJ >30; ACIiO 65 2;0AB8 >BJ >30 CG8=5=K ACBJ,</I><font color=#808080><small> [ 8<. 13, 1]</SMALL></FONT> >=J 3>2>@8BJ:  J A5<59AB2c 4>;6=> 8A:0BL =0G0B:>2J 8 ?5@203> >1@07F0 2;0AB8 8 ?>4G8=5=iO, @0A:@K2H8EAO ?>B><J 2J 1>;LH5<J A5<59AB2c  3>AC40@AB2c. <5==>: >B5FJ 5ABL... ?5@2K9 2;0AB8B5;L... => :0:J 2;0ABL >BF0 =5 A>B2>@5=0 A0<8<J >BF5<J 8 =5 40@>20=0 5<C AK=><J, 0 ?@>87>H;0 2<cABc AJ G5;>2c:><J >BJ ">3>, B> A>B2>@8;J G5;>2c:0: B> 8 >B:@K205BAO, GB> 3;C1>G09Hi9 8AB>G=8:J 8 2KA>G09H55 =0G0;> ?5@2>9 2;0AB8, 0 A;c4AB25==> 8 2AO:>9 ?>A;c4CNI59 <564C G5;>2c:0<8 2;0AB8, 5ABL 2J >3c  "2>@Fc G5;>2c:0. <i>7J 53>65 2AO:> >B5G5AB2> =0 =515AcEJ 8 =0 75<;8 8<5=C5BAO</I> <font color=#808080><small>[D5A. 3, 15]</SMALL></FONT>; ?>B><J, :>340 AK=K AK=>2J @07@>48;8AL 2J =0@>4J 8 =0@>4K, 8 87J A5<59AB20 2>7@>A;> >AC40@AB2>, =5>1JOB=>5 4;O 5AB5AB25==>9 2;0AB8 >BF0,  >3J 40;J MB>9 2;0AB8 =>2K9 8A:CAAB25==K9 >1@07J 8 =>2>5 8<O 2J ;8Fc &0@O, 8 B0:8<J >1@07><J 3> @5<C4@>ABiN <i>F0@i5 F0@AB2CNBJ </I><font color=#808080><small>[@8BG. 8, 15]</SMALL></FONT>. > 2@5<5=0 =52c4c=iO, :>340 ;N48 701K;8 "2>@F0 A2>53>... >3J  2<cABc AJ 4@C38<8 B09=0<8 !2>8<8  8 B09=C ?@>8AE>645=iO ?@545@60I59 2;0AB8 4065 GC2AB25==K<J >1@07><J ?@54AB028;J ?@54J >G0<8 <i@0 2J 871@0==><J 4;O A53> =0@>4c 52@59A:><J; 8<5==>: 2J ?0B@i0@Ec 2@00<c GC45A=> 2=>2L A>B2>@8;J >=J :0G5AB2> >BF0 8 ?>AB5?5==> ?@>8725;J >BJ =53> ?;5<O, =0@>4J 8 F0@AB2>; !0<J @C:>2>48;J ?0B@i0@E>2J A53> ?;5<5=8; !0<J 2>742830;J AC459 8 2>6459 A5<C =0@>4C; !0<J F0@AB2>20;J =04J A8<J F0@AB2><J<font color=#808080><small> [1 &0@. 8, 7]</SMALL></FONT>; =0:>=5FJ, !0<J 2>F0@8;J =04J =8<J F0@59, ?@>4>;60O 8 =04J F0@O<8 GC45A=>5 7=0<5=i5 !2>59 25@E>2=>9 2;0AB8. >A5<C >3J 8 =07K205BAO <i>F0@L F0@AB2CNI8EJ 8 >A?>4L 3>A?>4AB2CNI8EJ, < 65 F0@i5 F0@AB2CNBJ. KH=i9 2;04c5BJ F0@AB2><J G5;>2cG5A:8<J 8 <C-65 2>AE>I5BJ 40ABJ 5. >A?>4=5 5ABL F0@AB2i5 8 ">9 >1;0405BJ O7K:8</I><font color=#808080><small> [A. 21, 29]</SMALL></FONT><i>. J @CFc >A?>4=c 2;0ABL 75<;8, ?>B@51=03> 2>74283=5BJ 2> 2@5<O =0 =59 (!8@. 10, 4).</I> <font color=#808080><small>[ %@8ABi0=A:>5 CG5=i5 > F0@A:>9 2;0AB8 87J ?@>?>2c459 $8;0@5B0 8B@>?>;8B0 >A:>2A:03> , AB@. 6 7, . 1901 3]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>>2>@O > ?@>8AE>645=i8 >BJ >30 F0@A:>9 2;0AB8 2J 25BE>702cB=KO 2@5<5=0, . $8;0@5BJ 4>?>;=8B5;L=> C:07K205BJ, GB> 8 2J =>2>702cB=K9 ?5@i>4J 2@5<5=8 F0@A:0O, C65 E@8ABi0=A:0O, 2;0ABL, =0G8=0O AJ >=AB0=B8=0, ?@>87>H;0 B>65 >BJ >30. -B> A;CG8;>AL ?>A;c B>3>, :0:J >A?>4L !0<J >1@0B8;J >=AB0=B8=0 2J E@8ABi0=A:CN 2c@C ?5@54J 18B2>9 53> AJ 0:A5=Bi5<J GC45A=K<J O2;5=i5<J 5<C 2J A>;=Fc :@5AB0 AJ =04?8ALN:  !8<J ?>1c6409 . 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">G=> B0:J 65, :>340 >A?>4L ?@54>?@54c;8;J 02840 1KBL F0@5<J 87@08;LA:03> =0@>40, B> =J ?>25;c;J B><C 65 ?@>@>:C !0<C8;C ?><070BL 53> =0 F0@AB2>: <i>0?>;=8 @>3J B2>9 5;50, 2>AB0=8, 8 ?><068 02840.</I><font color=#808080><small> [Ibid. 16, 1, 12]</SMALL></FONT>  ?>A;c MB>3> ?><070=iO A>H5;J =0 =53> CEJ !2OBK9, ?>G5<C 2J 81;i8 8 A:070=>: <i>><070 53> ?>A@54c 1@0Bi8 53>: 8 =>H0H5AO CEJ >A?>45=L =04J 0284><J >BJ B>3> 4=5.</I> <font color=#808080><small>[Ibid. 16, 13]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>BAN40 2545BJ A2>5 =0G0;> B08=AB2> <u@>?><070=iO, :>B>@>5 A>25@H0;>AL =04J F0@O<8 2J 870=Bi8, 0 70Bc<J C =0AJ 2J >AAi8 =04J 25;8:>:=O65A:8<8 8 F0@A:8<8 A0<>45@6F0<8.</P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>-B> ?><070=i5 O2;O5BAO <=>3>7=0<5=0B5;L=K<J ?> A2>5<C 7=0G5=iN D0:B><J, >48=0:>2>  :0:J 4;O F0@O A0<>45@6F0, B0:J 8 4;O 53> ?>440==KEJ, 81> >=> C25;8G8205BJ 53> 02B>@8B5BJ 8 4>AB>8=AB2>, 4c;0O 53> A2OI5==K<J 8 >ACI5AB2;OO =04J =8<J A;>20 !2. 8A0=iO:<i> >7=5A>EJ 71@0==03> >BJ ;N459 >8EJ: 5;55<J A2OBK<J >8<J ?><070EJ 53>: 8AB8=0 >O 8 <8;>ABL >O AJ =8<J.</I><font color=#808080><small> [A. 88, 20, 21, 25]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>0<cG0B5;L=>, GB> >A?>4L 70 <=>3> 2c:>2J 4> ?>AB02;5=iO <J F0@O ><070==8:0 >6iO3> >1cI0;J 2@00<C, =5A><=c==>, :0:J 25;8G09HCN 4;O =53> =03@04C ?@>8AE>645=i5 >BJ =53> F0@59, 3>2>@O: <i>>7@0IC BO 7c;> 7c;>, 8 ?>;>6C BO 2J =0@>4K, 8 F0@i5 87L B51O 87K4CBJ.</I> <font color=#808080><small>[KB. 17, 6; !;>20 8 @cG8 $8;0@5B0 8B@. >A:>2A:03>, 874. 2, G. <font face="Royal Times New Roman">I</FONT> <font face="Royal Times New Roman">I</FONT> . >A:20 1848 3., AB@. 170 171]</SMALL></FONT> -B> >1AB>OB5;LAB2>, 0 B0:65 B>BJ D0:BJ, GB> CG@5645=i5 F0@O ?@542>72cI0;>AL 70 <=>3> 2c:>2J ?@5645 5I5 2@00<C >3><J, A;c4>20B5;L=>, 5ABL 4c;> 3> 2cG=03> ?@54>?@54c;5=iO, ?>:07K205BJ =0<J, :0:J 2KA>:> <KA;8BAO 2J >G0EJ >30 4>AB>8=AB2> F0@O >:070==8:0 >6iO3>. "0:>5 4>AB>8=AB2> 4;O =0AJ 4>;6=> 1KBL ?>=OB=K<J. '5@57J B08=AB2> <u@>?><070=iO F0@L 4c;05BAO A2OI5==>N >A>1>N. !J MB>3> <><5=B0 53> 2;0ABL >:@C605BAO >65AB25==K<J >@5>;><J, GB> 2J >A>15==>AB8 206=> 2J 3;070EJ 2c@CNI03> =0@>40 4;O 53> ?>28=>25=iO A2>5<C F0@N.</P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>?@>G5<J, =5 A48=J B>;L:> A2OI5==K9 02B>@8B5BJ 405BJ F0@N 53> ?><070=i5. J ?>A;c4=5<J A>>1I0NBAO 5<C 40@K !2. CE0, 3> >65AB25==0O 1;03>40BL, =5>1E>48<0O 4;O F0@A:03> C?@02;5=iO<i>,</I> 8<cNI03> Fc;LN =5 B>;L:> 701>BC > 75<=><J 1;03>45=AB2i8 ?>440==KEJ, => ?@58<CI5AB25==> AJ <><5=B0 53> ?><070=iO 8 701>BC > 8EJ 2cG=><J A?0A5=i8. !J MB>3> 2@5<5=8 F0@L A2>5N A0<>45@602=>N 2;0ABLN >1O7K205BAO 1KBL ?>:@>28B5;5<J ?@02>A;02=>9 &5@:28, 701>B8BLAO > 2>42>@5=i8 <8@0 2J A2OBKEJ >6i8EJ &5@:20EJ, =01;N40BL 70 B>G=K<J 8A?>;=5=i5<J F5@:>2=KEJ ?>AB0=>2;5=i9 2J 687=8 ?>440==KEJ  8 <i@O=0<8, 8 4CE>25=AB2><J, 2J >A>15==>AB8  :0A0B5;L=> G8AB>BK ?@02>A;02=>9 2c@K, 8 4065 8<cBL ?>?5G5=i5 > @0A?@>AB@0=5=i8 2c@K A@548 O7KG=8:>2J. <font color=#808080><small>[@>D. C@30=>2J,  B=>H5=iO <564C &5@:>2LN 8 3@0640=A:>9 2;0ABLN . 070=L, 1880 3., AB@. 50] </SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B> MB0 1;03>40BL =5 2>A?@8=8<0;0AL F0@O<8 BI5B=>, 5A;8 B>;L:> >=8 59 =5 ?@>B828;8AL. AB>@iO %@8ABi0=A:>9 &5@:28 ?>:07K205BJ =0<J, :0:J ?>:@>28B5;LAB2>20;8 59 F0@8 ><070==8:8 >6i8 8 :0:iO =58AG8A;8<KO CA;C38 >:070;8 59 E@8ABi0=A:i5 3>AC40@8 2J 1>@L1c AJ O7KG=8:0<8 8 5@5B8:0<8 4;O B>@65AB20 ?@02>A;02=>9 2c@K. ><070=i5 4c;0;> 8EJ, 1;03>40@O 8EJ A0<>45@602=>9 2;0AB8, <>3CI5AB25==K<J >?;>B><J 4;O 1>@L1K A> 7;><J. >BJ ?>G5<C A2. I>0==J ;0B>CABJ CG8;J, GB> F0@A:0O 2;0ABL, :>B>@0O 1K;0 ?@8 =5<J, @07C<c5BAO, 8 A0<>45@602=>9 8 E@8ABi0=A:>9, 5ABL 8<5==> B> =0G0;>, :>B>@>5 C45@68205BJ ?@8H5AB2i5 2J <i@J 0=B8E@8AB0.</P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>"0:J A<>B@c;J =0 F0@A:CN 2;0ABL A0<>45@602=03> F0@O ><070==8:0 8 ?. r5>D0=J 0B2>@=8:J 8 4@C3i5 A2cB8;L=8:8 =0H59 &5@:28, 8<cO 2J 284C BcEJ F0@59, :>B>@K5 A2>5N 4cOB5;L=>ABLN >?@024K20;8 ?>;CG5==CN 8<8 1;03>40BL 2J B08=AB2c <u@>?><070=iO =0 F0@AB2>. 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A0iO A:070;J: <i>A8F5 3;>3>;5BJ >A?>4L >3J ?><070==><C >5<C 8@C </I>(A0. 46, 1). 1@0I0OAL :J 8@C, F0@N ?5@A84A:><C, 8 >1JO2;OO 53> 8<O, >A?>4L =07K205BJ 53> !2>8<J ?><070==8:><J B>340, :>340 >=J 5I5 =5 @>48;AO. 07K205BJ 8@0 A2>8<J ?><070==8:><J, =5 ?>B><C, GB> =04J 8@><J 1C45BJ A>25@H5=> ?><070=i5, :>B>@>5 A>25@H0;>AL =04J F0@O<8 87@08;LA:03> =0@>40, => 2J A<KA;c ?@54K71@0=iO 53> 4;O 2>72@0I5=iO iC4552J 87J ?;c=0 2028;>=A:03> 2J 8EJ @>4=CN 75<;N.  >3J, 3>2>@8BJ . >A:>2A:i9 $8;0@5BJ, =07=0G8;J 8@0 4;O 8A?>;=5=iO AC4L1K !2>59 8 2>7AB0=>2;5=iO 871@0==03> =0@>40 87@08;LA:03>; A5N >65AB25==>N <KA;iN, B0:J A:070BL, ?><070;J 4CEJ 8@0 5I5 ?@5645, =565;8 ?@>8725;J 53> =0 A2cBJ: 8 8@J E>BO =5 7=05BJ, :c<J 8 4;O G53> ?><070=J, 42868<K9 A>:@>25==K<J ?><070=i5<J, A>25@H05BJ 4c;> F0@AB2iO >6iO3>. 0:J <>3CI5AB25==> ?><070=i5 >6i5! 0:J 25;8G5AB25=J ?><070==8:J >6i9! =J 5ABL 682>5 >@C4i5 >6i5, A8;0 >6iO 8AE>48BL G@57J =53> 2> 2A5;5==CN 8 42865BJ 1>;LHCN 8;8 <5=LHCN G0ABL @>40 G5;>2cG5A:03> :J 25;8:>9 Fc;8 2A5>1I03> A>25@H5=iO . <font color=#808080><small>[ %@8AB. CG5=i5 > F0@A:>9 2;0AB8 , . $8;0@5BJ, AB@, 27]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>A;8 8@J, F0@L O7KG5A:i9, =5 ?>;CG82H8 ?><070=iO AJ 40@0<8 !2. CE0 8 4065 =5 7=02Hi9 8AB8==>3> >30, =>, :0:J ?>A;CH=>5 >@C4i5 >65AB25==>9 A8;K, 8<c;J B0:>5 25;8:>5 7=0G5=i5 4;O 687=8 871@0==03> =0@>40 8 1>;LH59 G0AB8 <i@0, B> :0:0O 65 25;8G09H0O >65AB25==0O A8;0 4c9AB2>20;0 G@57J ?><070=i5 !2. CE0 2J =0H8EJ F0@OEJ ><070==8:0EJ >6i8EJ 8 :0:>5 1;03>4cB5;L=>5 7=0G5=i5 8<c;8 >=8 4;O =>203> 7@08;O  871@0==03> @CAA:03> =0@>40, 8 4;O 2A53> <i@0. 0, @CAA:0O ;815@0;L=0O 8=B5;;835=FiO =5 E>Bc;0 284cBL MB>9 A8;K 2J =0H8EJ F0@OEJ ><070==8:0EJ >6i8EJ. > 4i02>;J 284c;J 8 GC2AB2>20;J MBC A8;C 8 ?>B><C A> 2Ac<J A2>8<J 04><J, ?@8 A>4c9AB2i8 ?@>B82>F5@:>2=03> @CAA:>3> >1I5AB20, AJ =58AB>2AB2><J 2>7AB0;J =0 =55. 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"8E><8@>2J. >=0@E8G. 3>AC40@., G. 1, AB@. 103 104]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>5;L7O 8=0G5, :0:J =8A?@>25@65=i5<J >3>CAB0=>2;5==>9 A0<>45@602=>9 <>=0@E8G5A:>9 2;0AB8 =0720BL 8 :>=AB8BCFiN. @0240, 74cAL ;8G=>ABL <>=0@E0 A>E@0=O5BAO, => 2;0ABL 70E20BK205BAO =0@>4><J, :0:J 2J @5A?C1;8:c , Gc<J D0:B8G5A:8 C=8GB>605BAO >3>CAB0=>2;5==K9 <>=0@E8G5A:i9 ?@8=F8?J 8 A>7405BAO =55AB5AB25==>5 8 BO65;>5 ?>;>65=i5 F0@O, ?@8 :>B>@><J >=J  F0@AB2C5BJ , => =5 C?@02;O5BJ. <font color=#808080><small>[Ibid., AB@. 47 48]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>G5=L E>@>H> 2KO2;O5BJ =5A>AB>OB5;L=>ABL B0:>3> ?>;>65=iO, 0 2<cABc AJ =8<J 8 :>=AB8BCFi>==>-3>AC40@AB25==03> AB@>O, F0@L I>0==J @>7=K9. J >B2cBJ =0 ?>@8F0=i5 53> ?>ABC?:>2J :=. C@1A:8<J, :0:J =5A>>B2cBAB2CNI8EJ, ?> A284c B5;LAB2C ?>A;c4=O3>, =0@>4=><C ?@02C 4@C38EJ AB@0=J, I>0==J @>7=K9 ?8A0;J 5<C:   1571>6=KEJ G5;>2cFcEJ GB> 8 3;03>;0B8! >=565 Bi8 2Ac F0@AB2iO<8 A2>8<8 =5 2;04cNBJ: :0:J 8<J ?>25;OBJ ?>440==K5 ( @01>B=K5 ), B0:J 8 ?>ABC?0NBJ.  @>AAi9A:i5 A0<>45@602FK 87=0G0;0 A0<8 2;04cNBJ 2Ac<8 F0@AB20<8 (B.&nbsp;5. 2Ac<8 G0ABO<8 F0@A:>9 2;0AB8), 0 =5 1>O@5 8 25;L<>68... A;8 1K C 20AJ,  3>2>@8BJ I>0==J @>7=K9 (254A:><C >@>;N,  1K;> A>25@H5==>5 :>@>;52AB2>, B> >BFC B2>5<C 0@Ei5?8A:>?J 8 A>2cB=8:8 8 2AO 75<;O 2J B>20@8I0EJ =5 1K;8 1K . > A;>20<J @>7=03>, (254A:i9 :>@>;L  B>G=> AB0@>AB0 2J 2>;>AB8 .  >;LA:><C :>@>;N !B5D0=C 0B>@iN G@57J 53> ?>A;>2J B>BJ 65 @CAA:i9 >AC40@L 70O28;J:  K, A<8@5==K9 I>0==J, &0@L 8 5;8:i9 =O7L 2A5O CA8, ?> >6i5<C 872>;5=iN, 0 =5 ?> <=>3><OB56=><C G5;>2cG5A:><C E>Bc=iN . <font color=#808080><small>[. "8E><8@>2J. >=0@E8G. 3>AC40@., G. III AB@. 42 43; 1923 3]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>"0:8<J >1@07><J, :0:J 2;0ABL @5A?C1;8:8, B0:J 8 :>=AB8BCFi>==>9 <>=0@Ei8, >48=0:>2>, =5 B>;L:> =5 O2;ONBAO >3>CAB0=>2;5==>N 2;0ABiN, => A0<>5 8EJ 1KBi5 =0G8=05BAO AJ 5O >B@8F0=iO. /A=>, GB> =5 >65AB25==0O 2>;O, 2K@065==0O 2J !2. 8A0=i8, 0 G5;>2cG5A:0O <=>3><OB56=0O, 3@cE>2=0O 2>;O AJ >B:@KBK<J =8A?@>25@65=i5<J >3>>B:@>25==03> 8 A2OB>>B5G5A:03> CG5=iO > F0@A:>9 A0<>45@602=>9 2;0AB8 ;568BJ 2J >A=>2c @5A?C1;8:0=A:03> 8 :>=AB8BCFi>==03> AB@>O.</P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>>MB><C A2. &5@:>2L =0H0 =5 <>65BJ 70:@KBL A2>8EJ 3;07J =0 >BACBAB2i5 @5;83i>7=>9 >A=>2K 2J 45<>:@0B8G5A:><J >1@07c ?@02;5=iO. !;c4>20B5;L=>, >=0 =5 <>65BJ 1KBL 157@07;8G=0 :J 1C4CI5<C ?>;8B8G5A:><C AB@>N =0H59 AB@0=K. =0G5 A:070BL: A2. &5@:>2L =5 <>65BJ 65;0BL 2>42>@5=iO 2J >AAi8 @5A?C1;8:0=A:03> 8;8 :>=AB8BCFi>==03> AB@>O. =0 <>65BL A>4c9AB2>20BL 2>7AB0=>2;5=iN C =0AJ B>;L:> 8A:>==03> 3>AC40@AB25==03> AB@>O, :0:>2K<J 1K;0 2A5340 548=>;8G=0O 25;8:>:=O65A:0O 8;8 F0@A:0O A0<>45@602=0O 2;0ABL ><070==8:0 >6iO3>, :0:J 2;0ABL A0<0O 1;87:0O :J &5@:28 8 @>4AB25==0O 59, 81> >=0 8<c5BJ A2>8<J >A=>20=i5<J >65AB25==>5 8A0=i5 8 A2OB>>B5G5A:>5 CG5=i5, GB> O2;O5BAO 8AB>G=8:><J 8 =0H59 ?@02>A;02=>9 2c@K.</P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>5 <>65BJ =0H0 &5@:>2L AJ 157@07;8Gi5<J >B=5AB8AL :J ?>O2;5=iN 2J 1C4CI59 >AAi8, 2<cAB> F0@A:>9 A0<>45@602=>9 2;0AB8, B>9 8;8 4@C3>9 D>@<K 45<>:@0B8G5A:03> ?@02;5=iO 8 ?> B>9 ?@8G8=c, GB> :>=AB8BCFiO 8 @5A?C1;8:0 =5 A>>B2cBAB2CNBJ @5;83i>7=>-=@02AB25==><C 8450;C @CAA:03> =0@>40. -B>BJ 8450;J, :0:J 284c;8 <K, A>AB>8BL 2J CAB@5<;5=i8 @CAA:8EJ ;N459 :J A2OB>AB8, GB> B> 65, :J 548=5=iN A> %@8AB><J G@57J ?@02CN 2c@C 8 ;N1>2L A> 2Ac<8 5O E@8ABi0=A:8<8 4>1@>4cB5;O<8. -B0 2c@0 8 MB0 ;N1>2L, > G5<J <K 3>2>@8;8 2KH5, 1K;8 >B;8G8B5;L=K<8 A2>9AB20<8 @CAA:03> =0@>40, Gc<J ?>@060;8 >=8 8=>AB@0=F52J. -B8 @5;83i>7=>-=@02AB25==KO G5@BK 1K;8 4><8=8@CNI8<8 2J 687=8 @CAA:03> =0@>40 4> 5B@0 I, ?>:07K20O, AJ :0:>9 A8;>N AB@5<8;8AL @CAA:i5 ;N48 B>3> 2@5<5=8 :J A2>5<C 8450;C  8;8 :J >ACI5AB2;5=iN A2>53>, >3><J 40==03> 5<C, 2KAH03> ?@54=07=0G5=iO, 2A;c4AB2i5 G53> =04J =8<8 8A?>;=O;8AL A;>20 %@8AB0: <i>2K 5AB5 A>;L 75<;8, 2K 5AB5 A2cBJ <i@0; B0:> 40 ?@>A2cB8BAO A2cBJ 20HJ ?@54J G5;>2c:8, O:> 40 284OBJ 20H0 4>1@0O 4c;0 8 ?@>A;02OBJ BF0 20H53>, 865</I> <i>=0 515AcEJ.</I><font color=#808080><small> [s. 5, 13-14, 16]</SMALL></FONT> J MB><J 8450;c 1K;> 70;>65=> 75<=>5 AG0ABi5 8 2cG=>5 A?0A5=i5 @CAA:03> =0@>40, 0 B0:65 53> <i@>20O @5;83i>7=>-=@02AB25==0O <8AAiO.</P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>> MB>  A2OB>5 A2OBKEJ @CAA:03> =0@>40 =5 8<c5BJ =8G53> >1I03> AJ :>=AB8BCFi>==>9 8 @5A?C1;8:0=A:>9 D>@<>9 ?@02;5=iO. 4cAL G5;>2cG5A:0O ;8G=>ABL =5 <>65BJ =09B8 ?>445@6:8 2J >ACI5AB2;5=i8 A2>8EJ 2KAH8EJ @5;83i>7=>-=@02AB25==KEJ 70?@>A>2J. 4cAL A0<K<J 3;02=K<J 4c;><J O2;O5BAO ?>;8B8G5A:0O ?0@Bi9=0O 1>@L10 =5 =0 682>BJ, 0 =0 A<5@BL, 8 AJ B>G:8 7@c=iO MB>9 1>@L1K @0AFc=8205BAO ;8G=>ABL, :>B>@0O AJ 5O 4CE>2=K<8 8=B5@5A0<8 A>2Ac<J =5 =C6=0 45<>:@0B8G5A:><C AB@>N, 0 =C6=0, :0:J <5E0=8G5A:0O G0AB8F0 3>AC40@AB25==>9 <0H8=K, :0:J :>;8G5AB25==0O A8;0.  MB> ?>=OB=>. 5<>:@0B8G5A:>5 3>AC40@AB2> C?@02;O5BAO =5 MB8G5A:8<J, 0 N@848G5A:8<J =0G0;><J. <font color=#808080><small>[. "8E><8@>2J. >=0@E8G. 3>AC40@., G. It, AB@. 83]</SMALL></FONT>  N@848G5A:i9 70:>=J, :0:J 2K@078;AO CH:8=J, 5ABL 45@52> 8 25AL<0 40;5:J >BJ 2KAH8EJ AB@5<;5=i9 G5;>2cG5A:>9 ;8G=>AB8. KAH8<J 1;03><J 74cAL O2;O5BAO 2>;O =0@>40, 4;O :>B>@>9 =5 >1O70B5;L=K =@02AB25==KO =0G0;0. <font color=#808080><small>[. "8E><8@>2J. >=0@E8G. 3>AC40@., G. III, AB@. 150]</SMALL></FONT>  B0:J :0:J 45<>:@0B8G5A:>5 3>AC40@AB2> >A=>20=> =0 :>;8G5AB25==>9 A8;c, B> =@02AB25==0O A8;0 5<C 4065 2@06451=0.<font color=#808080><small> [Ibid., G. It, AB@. 316 317]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>/A=>, GB> :>=AB8BCFi>==K9 8 @5A?C1;8:0=A:i9 3>AC40@AB25==K9 AB@>9 =5 <>65BJ 8<cBL :0:>3> 1K B> =8 1K;> A>>B2cBAB2iO A0<><C 2KAH5<C 2;5G5=iN @CAA:03> =0@>40, 53> @5;83i>7=>-=@02AB25==><C 8450;C.</P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>0B> <>=0@EiO 2J >AAi8, :0:J =5;L7O ;CGH5, A>>B2cBAB2C5BJ MB>9 845>;>3i8; > G5<J C65 3>2>@8BJ A0<>5 =07=0G5=i5 <>=0@E8G5A:>9 25@E>2=>9 2;0AB8, :>B>@>5 A>AB>8BJ 2J B><J, GB>1K <>=0@EJ 1K;J ?@54AB028B5;5<J 8450;0 =0@>4=>9 687=8 8 =0?@02;O;J 3>AC40@AB25==CN 4cOB5;L=>ABL A>>1@07=> MB><C 8450;C.<font color=#808080><small> [Ibid<i>.,</I> G. It, AB@. 203]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>0:J <K C65 3>2>@8;8, MB> <>=0@E8G5A:>5 A2>5 =07=0G5=i5 >ACI5AB2;O;>AL 25;8:8<J :=O75<J, 0 70Bc<J F0@5<J 8 =0 4c;c. &0@L 8 2J A2>59 ;8G=>9 687=8, 8 2J 3>AC40@AB25==>9 4cOB5;L=>AB8 1K;J 2K@078B5;5<J =0@>4=03> 8450;0. <font color=#808080><small>[>=5G=>, <K =5 8<c5<J 2J 284C 5B@0 I 8 :0B5@8=C II]</SMALL></FONT> /2;OOAL ?5@2K<J 8 2c @=K<J AK=><J &5@:28, >=J 1K;J 8 ?>:@>28B5;5<J @CAA:03> =0@>40 2J C4>2;5B2>@5=i8 53> 2KAH8EJ @5;83i>7=KEJ ?>B@51=>AB59, 1C4CG8 2J B> 65 2@5<O 2J 4@C38EJ >1;0ABOEJ 53> 687=8 ?> ?@58<CI5AB2C >;8F5B2>@5=i5<J <8;>AB8 8 >B5G5A:>9 ;N128. J =5<J G5;>2c G5A:0O ;8G=>ABL ?>440==KEJ =0E>48;0 <>3CI5AB25==CN ?>445@6:C 8 C4>2;5B2>@5=i5 2> 2AcEJ 5O 4CE>2=KEJ ?>@K20EJ 8 2KAH8EJ Fc==>ABOEJ.</P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B> B0:J :0:J 4;O @CAA:03> =0@>40 4CE>2=0O AB>@>=0 53> 687=8 1K;0 4>@>65 2A53> =0 A2cBc, B> >BAN40 1C45BJ ?>=OB=>, ?>G5<C @CAA:i9 =0@>4J >B=>A8;AO AJ B0:>N 25;8:>N ;N1>2iN :J A2>8<J <>=0@E0<J, 2A5Fc ;> 8<J 4>2c @O;AO, >B;8G0;AO 157702cB=>N 8<J ?@540==>ABLN, 4> 3>B>2=>AB8 ?>;030BL 70 =8EJ A2>N 687=L, 8 A2OB> >E@0=O;J ?@020 8EJ F0@A:>9 A0<>45@602=>9 2;0AB8.</P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>=B5@5A=> >B<cB8BL, GB> MB0 ?@540==>ABL @CAA:8EJ ;N459 A2>5<C F0@N 8 F0@A:>9 A0<>45@602=>9 2;0AB8 =5 <>3;0 ?>:>;510BLAO 4065 2J ?5@i>4J A<CB=03> 2@5<5=8.  <564C Bc<J, B>340 4;O @CAA:8EJ ;N459 <>3;> 1KBL >G5284=K<J C<0;5=i5 02B>@8B5B0 F0@A:>9 2;0AB8, :>B>@0O =5 <>3;0 ?@54>B2@0B8BL A<CBK 8 A?@028BLAO AJ =5N. /A=> 1K;> 8 B>, :0:J ><@0G5=0 1K;0 2J A>7=0=i8 =0@>40 A0<0O <>=0@E8G5A:0O 845O 4cO=iO<8 A0<>720=F52J-020=BN@8AB>2J.</P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>> 2J 4>?5B@>2A:CN M?>EC @CAA:i9 =0@>4J 2J Fc;><J 1K;J =5 B@>=CBJ 2J A2>59 2c@c, >=J =5 87<c=O;J 5I5 A2>59 845>;>3i8. >MB><C, 2J B> 2@5<O, :0:J 1>O@5, ?>;L7COAL :@878A><J F0@A:>9 2;0AB8, 4c ;0;8 ?>?KB:8 >3@0=8G8BL 55  A=0G0;0 2J >B=>H5=i8 0A8;iO (C9A:03>, 0 70Bc<J 8E08;0 r5>4>@>28G0, G5<C 1;03>?@iOBAB2>20;> 8 ?@>O2;5=i5 45<>:@0B8G5A:8EJ =0G0;J :070GL59 2>;L=8FK, @CAA:i9 =0@>4J A2OB> >15@530;J ?@020 F0@A:03> A0<>45@602iO. >AB5?5==>, ?@8 ?>A@54AB2c 75<A:8EJ A>1>@>2J (1620 1625 3.3.) >=J C=8GB>68;J 2Ac ?>?>;7=>25=iO >3@0=8G8BL 2;0ABL F0@O 8E08;0, :0:J 8 A0<KO >3@0=8G5=iO, :>B>@KEJ CA?c;8 4>AB83=CBL 1>O@5.<font color=#808080><small> [Ibid., G. III, AB@. 52 55]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>2868<K9 ?@02>A;02=>N 2c@>N, @CAA:i9 =0@>4J 2> 2AcEJ 2A5@>AAi9A:8EJ 1c4AB2iOEJ A<CB=03> 2@5<5=8 28=8;J =5 F0@A:CN 2;0ABL, 0 A51O A0<>3>. >BJ ?>G5<C >=J :0O;AO ?@54J F0@5<J 8E08;><J 8 B>@65AB25==> :;O;AO 5<C, 4020O >1cI0=i5 8A?@028BLAO. <font color=#808080><small>[. "8E><8@>2J. >=0@E8G. 3>AC40@., G. 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II, AB@. 54 55]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>%0@0:B5@=0 2J 40==><J A;CG0c 8 @cGL 8<?5@0B>@0 0@:i0=0, :>B>@CN >=J ?@>87=5AJ =0 It %0;:84>=A:><J A5;5=A:><J !>1>@c .  >340 >65AB25==K<J >?@54c ;5=i5<J, A:070;J >=J, <K 871@0=K 1K;8 =0 F0@AB2>, B> <564C AB>;L:8<8 =C640<8 3>AC40@AB20 =5 70=8<0;> =0AJ B0:J =8:0:>5 4c;>, :0:J B>, GB>1K ?@02>A;02=0O 8 8AB8==0O 2c@0 E@8ABi0=A:0O, :>B>@0O A2OB0 8 G8AB0, ?@51K20;0 157A><=8B5;L=>9 2J 4CH0EJ 2AcEJ... >MB><C <K ?>701>B8;8AL A>720BL AJ MB8<J 8<5==> =0<c@5=i5<J A2OBK9 A>1>@J 8, :065BAO, ?>:070;8 20<J A2>5 AB0@0=i5, GB>1K, >G8I5==0O >BJ 2AO:03> 701;C645=iO 8 <@0:0, :0:J 1;03>2>;8;> >65AB2> >B:@KBL A51O ;N4O<J 8 ?>:070;> CG5=i5 >BF>2J, 2c@0 =0H0... 2=c4@5==0O 2J C<K 2AcEJ, AiO;0 1;5A:><J A2>59 A;02K . <font color=#808080><small>[cO=iO A5;5=A:. !>1>@>2J, B. It, G. 2. 070=L, 1908 3., AB@. 54]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>">;L:> >1I5?@87=0==K9 4;O ?>440==KEJ 02B>@8B5BJ 2870=Bi9A:8EJ 8<?5@0B>@>2J, 8EJ B25@40O 8 >1I5>1O70B5;L=0O 25@E>2=0O 2;0ABL <>3;0 >157?5G8BL E>4J A>1>@=KEJ 70Ac40=i9 4> 1;03>?>;CG=03> :>=F0, G5<C, :0:J A284cB5;LAB2CNBL 4cO=iO III A5;5=A:03> !>1>@0, <font color=#808080><small>[cO=iO A5;5=A:8EJ !>1>@>2J, B. II, 1902 3]</SMALL></FONT> 2AOG5A:8 <cH0;8 5@5B8:8 8 Bc A<CBK, :>B>@KO >=8 2>71C640;8, 2J >A>15==>AB8 :J <><5=BC MB8EJ 70Ac40=i9 ?@8 >1AC645=i8 8EJ 5@5B8G5A:8EJ CG5=i9.</P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>5;L7O 1K;> >1>9B8AL 157J ?>:@>28B5;LAB20 3>AC40@AB25==>9 2;0AB8 4;O 1>@L1K AJ 5@5B8:0<8 8 ?> >:>=G0=i8 B>3> 8;8 4@C3>3> A5;5=A:03> !>1>@0, 4065 ?>A;c CB25@645=iO A>1>@=KEJ ?>AB0=>2;5=i9 8<?5@0B>@A:>N 2;0ABiN. @5B8:8 ?@>4>;60;8 C?>@=> >BAB0820BL A2>5 ;65CG5=i5 8 A<CI0;8 =0@>4J >B:@KB>N 5@5B8G5A:>N ?@>?>2c4LN. c:>340 A2. 52J 0?0 8<A:i9 ?8A0;J 8<?5@0B>@C 0@:i0=C:  =c AB0;> 872cAB=>, GB> E>BO =5G5AB82K9 2B8Ei9 ?> 53> 70A;C30<J =0E>48BAO 2J AAK;:c , => 2J A0<><J <cABc A2>53> >AC645=iO >=J 5I5 >BG0O==c5 @07;8205BL <=>3i5 O4K 7;>EC;5=i9 ?@>B82J :0s>;8G5A:>9 G8AB>BK, 8, GB>1K C;>28BL =528==KEJ, AJ 25;8G09H8<J 157ABK4AB2><J 87@K305BJ B>, G53> 2J =5<J 25AL <i@J C60A=C;AO 8 >AC48;J. B0:J, O =0E>6C ?>;=>5 >A=>20=i5, GB>1K 20H0 <8;>ABL ?>25;c;0 ?5@5?@028BL 53> 2J 1>;c5 >B40;5==KO 8 C548=5==KO <cAB0 . <font color=#808080><small>[cO=iO A5;5=A:8EJ !>1>@>2J, B. It, G. 11, AB@. 182]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B> 2870=Bi9A:i5 8<?5@0B>@K ?@5Ac:0;8 MB> 40;L=c9H55 @0A?@>AB@0=5=i5 5@5A59 A@548 2c@CNI8EJ A2>8<8 @0A?>@O65=iO<8. J C:07c 8<?5@0B>@>2J 0;5=B8=i0=0 8 0@:i0=0 ?> MB><C ?>2>4C A:070=>:  > =0H5<C ?>25;c=iN A>1@0;8AL 2J 3. %0;:84>=c ?>GB5==K5 5?8A:>?K 8 OA=K<8 >?@54c;5=iO<8 =0CG8;8, GB> 4>;6=> A>1;N40BL >B=>A8B5;L=> 1>3>?>GB5=iO. <font color=#808080><small>[4cAL 8<c5BAO 2J 284C >?@54c;5=i5 It A5;5=. %0;:84>=A:03> !>1>@0 > =0;8Gi8 2J I8ACAc %@8ABc 42CEJ 5AB5AB2J  >65A:03> 8 G5;>2cG5A:03>, :>B>@K<J >?@>25@30;>AL CG5=i5 <>=>D878BA:>9 5@5A8 > =0;8Gi8 2> %@8ABc B>;L:> >4=>3> >65AB25==03> 5AB5AB20.]</SMALL></FONT> B0:J, ?CABL ?@5:@0B8BAO =52c65AB25==0O @0A?@O, 81> ?>8AB8=c =5G5AB82J 8 A2OB>B0B5FJ B>BJ, :B>, ?>A;c @cH5=iO AB>;L:8EJ 5?8A:>?>2J, ?@54>AB02;O5BJ GB>-=81C4L A>1AB25==><C <=c =iN 4;O 87A;c4>20=iO... B0:J, =0 1C4CI55 2@5<O, ?CABL =8:0:>9 :;8@8:J 8;8 2>5==K9, 8;8 :0:>3>-;81> 4@C3>3> 720=iO =5 >A<c;8205BAO 702>48BL >1I5=0@>4=>, 2J ?@8ACBAB2i8 A>1@02H59AO 8 A;CH0NI59 B>;?K, @07AC645=iO > E@8ABi0=A:>9 2c@c, 87KA:820O 2J B><J ?>2>4>2J :J 157?>@O4:0<J 8 7;>2c@iN... 5 <8=C5BJ =0:070=i5 ?@578@0NI8EJ MB>BJ 70:>=J . <font color=#808080><small>[cO=iO It A5;5=A:03> !>1>@0, AB@. 169]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B> B><J 65 ?@5AcG5=i8 3>AC40@AB25==>N 2;0ABiN 40;L=c9H03> @0A?@>AB@0=5=iO 5@5B8G5A:8EJ CG5=i9 3>2>@8BAO 8 2J C:07c 8<?5@0B>@0 0@:i0=0. <font color=#808080><small>[Ibid., AB@. 170 171]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>J MB><J =0?@02;5=i8 1K;J 8740=J 2870=Bi9A:8<J 8<?5@0B>@><J >=AB0=B8=><J >3>=0B><J, @52=>AB=c9H8<J ?@825@65=F5<J ?@02>A;02=>9 2c@K, 25@48:BJ<font color=#808080><small> [Ibid., B><J tI<i>,</I> AB@. 8, 070=L, 1908 3]</SMALL></FONT> ?@>B82J <>=>s5;8BA:>9 5@5A8 ?>A;c tI . !>1>@0, 8<J A>720==03>.  >A;c B>3>, :0:J 2A5 Ai5 B0:8<J >1@07><J ?>AB0=>2;5=> <font color=#808080><small>[0A0B5;L=> ?@02>A;02=03> CG5=iO, GB> 2J I8ACAc %@8ABc 42c 2>;8 8 420 5AB5AB25==KEJ 4c9AB2iO, 2J ?@>B82>2cAJ <>=>s5;8BA:><C 5@5B8G5A:><C CG5=iN, CB25@6402H5<C, GB> 2> %@8ABc >4=0 2>;O, A>>1@07=0O >4=><C >65AB25==><C 5AB5AB2C]</SMALL></FONT> =0AB>OI8<J H5ABK<J A5;5=A:8<J !>1>@><J (8 CB25@645=> ?>4?8ALN =0H59 45@602K), 3>2>@8BAO 74cAL, ?>25;c205<J, GB>1K =8:B> =5 ?@54?@8=8<0;J G53>-=81C4L 4@C3>3> >B=>A8B5;L=> 2c@K, 8;8 =5 ?@84C<K20;J =>2>9 2K4C<:8 2J 4>3<0Bc, 8;8 2>>1I5 =5 @072820;J CG5=iO, 8;8 =5 702>48;J @cG8 >1J >4=>9 2>;c 8 >4=><J 4c9AB2i8... A;8 :B> ?@57@8BJ =0AB>OI55 =0H5 1;03>G5AB82>5 >1JO2;5=i5, B>BJ, 5A;8 >=J 5?8A:>?J 8;8 :;8@8:J, 8;8 >4cBJ 2J <>=0H5A:>5 >4cO=i5, ?>425@3=5BAO 8725@65=iN, 5A;8 65 A>AB>8BJ 2J G8=c 4>;6=>AB=KEJ ;8FJ, 1C45BJ =0:070=J :>=D8A:0Fi59 8<CI5AB20 8 ;8H5=i5<J ?>OA0, 5A;8 65 =0E>48BAO 2J A>AB>O=i8 G0AB=03> G5;>2c:0, 1C45BJ >AC645=J =0 873=0=i5 87J A53> F0@AB2CNI03> 8 2>>1I5 2AO:03> =0H53> 3>@>40 8, A25@EJ 2A53> MB>3>, =5 871c68BJ =0:070=iO >BJ AB@0H=03> 8 ?@0254=03> AC40 . <font color=#808080><small>[cO=iO A5;5=. !>1>@>2J, B. tI, AB@. 254]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B> =5 >4=> B>;L:> C?>@AB2> 5@5B8:>2J 2J A2>8EJ ;65CG5=iOEJ ?>1C640;> &5@:>2L 8A:0BL ?>:@>28B5;LAB20 8 70I8BK C 8<?5@0B>@A:>9 2;0AB8. -B> C?>@AB2> A>548=O;>AL C 5@5B8:>2J AJ :@09=8<J =0A8;i5<J, 2?;>BL 4> C3>;>2=KEJ ?@5ABC?;5=i9, :>B>@KO >=8 A>25@H0;8 2J >B=>H5=i8 ?@02>A;02=KEJ ;N459.<font color=#808080><small> [72cAB=>, GB> 2> 2@5<O @071>9=8G5A:03> A>1>@0, 1K2H03> 2J 449 3., 53> ?@54Ac40B5;L ?0B@i0@EJ ;5:A0=4@i9A:i9 <>=>D878BJ i>A:>@J A>1AB25==>@CG=> 8718;J 4> A<5@B8 >=AB0=B8=>?>;LA:03> 0B@i0@E0 $;02i0=0. @8 53> A>4c9AB2i8 1K;8 A>25@H5=K 8 4@C3iO C1i9AB20. 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II, AB@. 261, 263, 265 266.]</SMALL></FONT> 0 ?@0:B8:c >=0ABK@A:i9 @8:07J 2J A2>5<J 2<cH0B5;LAB2c 2J &5@:>2=KO 4c;0 ?>H5;J 40;5:> 70 ?@54c;K  #;>65=iO . =J AC48;J 4CE>2=KEJ ;8FJ 8=>340 8 ?> 4CE>2=K<J 4c;0<J; AB0;J CG0AB2>20BL ?> D8=0=A>2K<J 4c;0<J 2J &5@:>2=><J C?@02;5=i8, =07=0G0BL =0 4CE>2=KO 4>;6=>AB8 8 702c4K20BL G0AB8G=>9 :>=D8A:0Fi59 F5@:>2=KEJ 8<CI5AB2J,<font color=#808080><small> [Ibid., G. II. AB@. 25.]</SMALL></FONT> ?@8 70?@5I5=i8  #;>65=i5<J 2J 53> 42->9 AB0BLc %III 3;02K 40;L=c9H03> @>AB0 F5@:>2=KEJ 8<CI5AB2J G@57J ?@i>1@cB5=i5 4CE>2=K<8 2;0ABO<8 2>BG8=J.<font color=#808080><small> [Ibid., AB@. 291 293]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>0 MBC ?>A;c4=NN DC=:FiN >=0ABK@A:03> @8:070 A;c4C5BJ >1@0B8BL >A>15==>5 2=8<0=i5, B0:J :0:J, ?> 87A;c4>20=iN ?@>D. c;O520, CG@5645=i5 >=0ABK@A:03> @8:070 2K7K20;>AL =5 AB>;L:> 65;0=i5<J A4c;0BL AC4J 4;O 2AcEJ @02=K<J 8 >B<c=8BL ?@828;;53iN 4CE>25=AB20 2J 3@0640=A:><J AC4c, A:>;L:> A:@KBK<J AB@5<;5=i5<J ?5@540BL F5@:>2=>5 8<CI5AB2> 3>AC40@AB2C. <font color=#808080><small>[Ibid., AB@. 294]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>"0:8<J >1@07><J, 74cAL, 2J >=0ABK@A:><J @8:07c, <K 8<c5<J ?5@54J A>1>N ?>:CH5=i5 =0 C=8GB>65=i5 >4=>9 87J 42CEJ >A=>2J A8<D>=i8. 5@20O >A=>20  4>3<0BK ?@02>A;02=>9 2c@K >AB0NBAO =5?@8:>A=>25==K<8 F0@A:>N 2;0ABLN; 70B> 74cAL =0@CH05BAO 2B>@0O >A=>20 A8<D>=i8  > ?>G8B0=i8 A2OI5=AB20 8;8 &5@:28, >BG53> =0@CH05BAO 8 2AO B5>@iO A8<D>=i8, ?> A;>2C ?. I0:>20: <i>865 1> 25AL 70:>=J A>1;N45BJ, A>3@cH8BJ 65 2> 548=><J, 1KABL 2Ac<J ?>28=5=J.</I> <font color=#808080><small>[I0:. 2. 10]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>@>B82J MB>3> =0@CH5=iO, :0:J =5>1JOB=03> 7;0 4;O @CAA:03> 3>AC40@AB20, 2ABC?8;J 2J 1>@L1C !2OBc9Hi9 0B@i0@EJ 8:>=J, A4c;02H8AL, 1;03>40@O 59, 4;O =0AJ 25;8G09H8<J 70I8B=8:><J A8<D>=i8 2;0AB59 8 2<cABc AJ MB8<J  ?@>?>2c4=8:><J 8AB8==>9 A0<>45@602=>9 F0@A:>9 2;0AB8 8 ?>1>@=8:><J @CAA:>9 845>;>3i8. 284C B0:>3> 7=0G5=iO 0B@i0@E0 8:>=0 4;O @CAA:>9 845>;>3i8, <K AG8B05<J =5>1E>48<K<J >AB0=>28BLAO ?>4@>1=c5 =0 53> ;8G=>AB8.</P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>>=0ABK@A:i9 @8:07J 2K720;J 1>@L1C A> AB>@>=K 0B@i0@E0 8:>=0 548=AB25==> ?>B><C, GB> 1K;J ?@>=8:=CBJ F570@5?0?8ABA:8<J 4CE><J, :>B>@K9 1>O@5 ?>AB0@0;8AL 2=c4@8BL 2J 4CHC F0@O ;5:AcO 8E09;>28G0, 65;0O 3>A?>4AB2>20BL =04J &5@:>2LN. >340 ?>O28;>AL  #;>65=i5 (1649 3.), F0@N 1K;> B>;L:> 20 ;cBJ, 0 0B@i0@EJ 8:>=J 1K;J B>340 B>;L:> @E8<0=4@8B><J >2>A?0AA:03> <>=0ABK@O 8 =5 <>3J ?@>B82>4c9AB2>20BL >ACI5AB2;5=iN 2J 687=8 4cOB5;L=>AB8 >=0ABK@A:03> @8:070. !4c;02H8AL 0B@i0@E><J, >=J A<>3J B>;L:> 4>18BLAO 2@5<5==03> ?@i>AB0=>2;5=iO 53> 4c9AB2iO. > ?>A;c CE>40 . 8:>=0 87J >A:2K 2J >2K9 I5@CA0;8<J, 1>O@5, 4c9AB2CO =0 A;01>E0@0:B5@=03> F0@O, 4>AB83;8 2J ?>;=>9 <c@c >ACI5AB2;5=iO =07=0G5=iO >=0ABK@A:03> @8:070 2> 2AcEJ 53> @0AH8@5==KEJ 8<8 ?>;=><>GiOEJ.</P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>!>7=020O 2AN 7;>2@54=>ABL 4;O 3>AC40@AB20 8 &5@:28 F570@5?0?8ABA:03> 4CE0, . 8:>=J, :0:J MB> 284=> 87J 53> A>G8=5=iO:  077>@5=i5 , <font color=#808080><small>[!2>5  077>@5=i5 . 8:>=J =0?8A0;J 2J 1664 3. 2J >?@>25@65=i5 1>O@8=0 !B@5H=520 8 08AiO 830@840. -B>BJ 70<cG0B5;L=K9 B@C4J =5 1K;J 872cAB5=J 2J @CAA:>9 ?5G0B8. 3> ?5@525;J 0=3;i9A:i9 ?8A0B5;L 0;L<5@J =0 0=3;i9A:i9 O7K:J.  C65 >BAN40 A>45@60=i5  077>@5=iO AB0;> 4;O =0AJ 877cAB=K<J, 1;03>40@O 25AL<0 Fc==><C 4;O @CAA:>9 &5@:28 :0?8B0;L=><C B@C4C ?>G8B0B5;O 0B@80@E0 8:>=0 ?@>D5AA>@0 0@H02A:03> C=825@A8B5B0 . . K7K:8=0:  0B@i0@EJ 8:>=J. 3> 3>AC40@AB25==KO 8 :0=>=8G5A:iO 8458 .]</SMALL></FONT> =5 <>3J >AB028BL 157J ?@>B5AB0 4cOB5;L=>ABL >=0ABK@A:03> @8:070, =0?@02;5==CN :J ;8H5=iN A0<>AB>OB5;L=>AB8 &5@:28. @5645 2A53> >=J ?@>B5AB>20;J ?@>B82J 2<cH0B5;LAB20 A2cBA:>9 2;0AB8 :0A0B5;L=> AC40 =04J 4CE>25=AB2><J ?> 3@0640=A:8<J 4c;0<J, >B<cG0O =0@CH5=i5 MB8<J =>2>22545=i5<J B@048Fi9, :>B>@KO 25;8 A2>5 =0G0;> >BJ 2870=Bi9A:03> 8 @CAA:03> 3>AC40@AB25==03> 70:>=>40B5;LAB20. AO A8;0 MB8EJ B@048Fi9, ?> A284cB5;LAB2C . 8:>=0, 70:;NG0;0AL 2J B><J, GB> >=c A2O70=K 1K;8 AJ 70:;OBiO<8 CAB020 A2. ;048<i@0.  A;8 :B>, 3>2>@8BAO 74cAL,  =0@CH8BJ <>9 CAB02J, 1C45BJ ;8 B> <>9 AK=J 8;8 A;C30, 8;8 :B>-;81> 87J <>53> @>40 8;8 87J 1>O@J, 8 2<cH05BAO 2J F5@:>2=KO 4c;0 8B@>?>;8B0, :>B>@KO O 40;J 8B@>?>;8BC, 8 &5@:28, 8 ?8A:>?0<J 2> 2AcEJ 3>@>40EJ, A>3;0A=> :0=>=0<J, B>BJ 1C45BL AC48<J 8 =0:070=J. A;8 :B> ?>?KB05BAO 70E20B8BL AC4J F5@:>2=K9, >=J ;8H05BAO 8<5=8 E@8ABi0=8=0, 8 2Ac B0:i5 40 1C4CBJ ?@>:;OBK A2. >BF0<8 . <font color=#808080><small>[@>D. K7K:8=J.  0B@i0@EJ 8:>=J G. <font face="Royal Times New Roman">I</FONT> <font face="Royal Times New Roman">I</FONT> , AB@. 270]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>. 8:>=J =5 <>3J >AB028BL 157J ?@>B5AB0 MBC AC451=CN 4cOB5;L=>ABL >=0ABK@A:03> @8:070 8 ?>B><C, GB> 284c;J 2J =59 ?>2>4J :J 5I5 1>;LH5<C 2<cH0B5;LAB2C 2J F5@:>2=KO 4c;0 8 70E20BJ F5@:>2=>9 2;0AB8 2J A2cBA:iO @C:8 AJ ?@O<K<J =0@CH5=i5<J A2. :0=>=>2J.</P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>J >A>15==>AB8, >4=8<J 87J B0:8EJ 1K;> 2<cH0B5;LAB2> >=0ABK@A:03> @8:070 2J C?@02;5=i5 &5@:>2LN.  'B> 65 A:070BL,  ?8H5BJ . 8:>=J 2J  077>@5=i8 ,  > 8B@>?>;8Bc 8B8@8<c, :>B>@K9 2J 5?0@EiOEJ 4@C38EJ 5?8A:>?>2J 8 ?> ?@8:07C F0@O 8 25;L<>6J A>25@H05BJ ?>A2OI5=i5? 0:>3> 25;8:03> ?@>:;OBiO >=J =5 70A;C68205BJ, A>3;0A=> B><C, GB> 871@0==K9 A2cBA:>N 2;0ABLN =8725@305BAO 2<cABc AJ ?>A2OB82H8<J! > B5?5@L @Ei5?8A:>?K, 0@E8<0=4@8BK 8 ?>?K 2J <>=0ABK@c 871@0=K A0<8<J F0@5<J, 8 8B@>?>;8BJ @CB8F:i9 8EJ ?>A2OI05BJ . <font color=#808080><small>[@>D. K7K:8=J.  0B@i0@EJ 8:>=J , G. II, AB@. 26]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>> ?>2>4C B0:>3> 2<cH0B5;LAB20 0B@i0@EJ 8:>=J 70O2;O5BJ, GB> 4;O C?@02;5=iO &5@:>2LN =5>1E>48<> 8<cBL 1;03>40BL ?>AB>;>2J, 0 =5 1;03>40BL =0 C?@02;5=i5 F0@AB2><J.<font color=#808080><small> [Ibid., 1 G. 11, AB@. 25]</SMALL></FONT> &8B8@CO A;>20 ?. 02;0 <i>8</I> <i>>2KEJ C1> ?>;>68 >3J 2J &5@:28 ?5@2c5 ?>AB>;>2J, 2B>@>5 ?@>@>:>2J, B@5Bi5 CG8B5;59,</I> 0B@i0@EJ 8:>=J A?@0H8205BJ:  >G5<C 65 F0@L =5 =0720=J =0 ?5@2><J <cABc ?> 2KA>Bc F0@A:>9 2;0AB8? 064K9 4>;65=J 7=0BL A2>N <c@C .<font color=#808080><small> [1 >@. 12, 28 31; @>D. K7K:8=J.  0B@. 8:>=J ,G. II, AB@. 27]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>J MB><J 70E20Bc F0@5<J F5@:>2=>9 2;0AB8 ?> C?@02;5=iN &5@:>2LN 0B@i0@EJ 8:>=J 2848BJ B> >BABC?;5=i5 >BJ !2. 8A0=iO 8 A2. :0=>=>2J, :>B>@>5 1C45BJ ?>G2>N 4;O ?>O2;5=iO 0=B8E@8AB0.<font color=#808080><small> [2 !>;. 2, 3]</SMALL></FONT> > 53> A;>20<J, F0@N A;c4>20;> 1K 1KBL >1@07F><J A>1;N45=iO A2. :0=>=>2J 4;O 2AcEJ, 8 2J 3>AC40@AB25==><J 70:>=>40B5;LAB2c =5 4c;0BL >BABC?;5=iO >BJ =8EJ. > MB> >BABC?;5=i5, MB0 0?>AB0AiO C65 O28;0AL, 8 ?>B><C <>6=> >6840BL >ACI5AB2;5=i5 ?@54A:070=i9 ?>AB>;0 > 25I0EJ 3@O4CI8EJ; 8A?>;=5=iO B>3>, GB> 1K;> >B:@KB> >3><J ?@>@>:C 0=i8;C.  0:J 84i9A:0O 8<?5@iO,  3>2>@8BJ 0B@i0@EJ 8:>=J,  1K;0 @07@CH5=0 028;>=><J, 0 028;>=A:0O 5@A84A:>9, 0 5@A84A:0O 0:54>=A:>9, 0 0:54>=A:0O  8<A:>9, B0:J 8<A:0O 4>;6=0 1KBL @07@CH5=0 0=B8E@8AB><J, 0 >=J  %@8AB><J . <font color=#808080><small>[@>D. K7K:8=J.  0B@. 8:>=J G. II, AB@. 24 25]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>G5284=>, 0B@i0@EJ 8:>=J 2J ?>=OBi5 8<A:>9 8<?5@i8 2:;NG05BJ 8 >AAiN, :0:J ?@>4>;65=i5 ?5@2>9 2J >B=>H5=i8 C=0A;c4>20=iO >BJ =5O 8<?5@0B>@A:>9 3>AC40@AB25==>9 2;0AB8, 2J :>B>@>9 5I5 A2. I>0==J ;0B>CABJ 284c;J  C45@6820NI03> >BJ A@54K ,<font color=#808080><small> [2 !>;. 2, 7] </SMALL></FONT>B>-5ABL ?@5?OBAB2i5 4;O ?>O2;5=iO 0=B8E@8AB0.</P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>"0:J 65 A8;L=> ?@>B5AB>20;J 0B@i0@EJ 8:>=J 8 ?@>B82J G0AB8G=>9 A5:C;O@870Fi8 >=0ABK@A:8<J @8:07><J F5@:>2=03> 8<CI5AB20.</P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>%>BO A5:C;O@870FiO, ?@>872545==0O >=0ABK@A:8<J @8:07><J, 1K;0 G0AB8G=>9 8 :0A0;0AL F5@:>2=KEJ 8<CI5AB2J 5?8A:>?>2J >A:>2A:>9 >1;0AB8 8 2;04c=i9 ?0B@i0@H8EJ, Bc<J =5 <5=c5 0B@i0@EJ 8:>=J ?@84020;J 59 >3@><=>5 >B@8F0B5;L=>5 7=0G5=i5 4;O 2A53> 3>AC40@AB20.  MB> ?>=OB=>, 81> 2J  #;>65=i8 1K;0 ?@>2545=0 <KA;L, GB> 3>AC40@AB2> 2>>1I5 <>65BJ >1@0I0BL 2J A2>N A>1AB25==>ABL 8<CI5AB20, :>B>@KO ?@8=04;560BJ F5@:>2=K<J 2;0ABO<J 8 CG@5645=iO<J. 0B@i0@EJ 8:>=J OA=> 284c;J, GB> 3>AC40@AB25==0O 2;0ABL A2>8<J 70:>=>40B5;LAB2><J =0<c@5205BAO >B=OBL >BJ 2A59 &5@:28 A@54AB2> :J >ACI5AB2;5=iN 5O 2KAH59 7040G8  F5@:>2=03> ?@>A2cI5=iO 8 2>A?8B0=iO @CAA:03> =0@>40, 8 Bc<J ?@54>E@0=8BL 53> >BJ 3815;8.</P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>BAN40 ?>=OB=>, ?>G5<C . 8:>=J 2J A2>5<J ?@>B5ABc ?@>B82J 40==>9 A5:C;O@870Fi8 B0:J =0AB>9G82> B@51>20;J 8A?>;=5=iO 3>AC40@AB25==>N 2;0ABLN A2. :0=>=>2J, :>8<8 F5@:>2=>5 8<CI5AB2>, :0:J A>1AB25==>ABL >6iO, 4>;6=> 1KBL =5?@8:>A=>25==K<J 8 =5>BGC6405<K<J. <font color=#808080><small>[>@<G0O; IV A5;. !>1., ?@. 24; VI . !., ?@. 29; 1 ?@. 2C:@. !>1. 8 12 ?@. VII . !>1.]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>/A=> >BAN40 8 B>, ?>G5<C . 8:>=J 2J B><J 65 A2>5<J ?@>B5ABc C:07K20;J, GB> 70E20BJ 3>AC40@AB2><J F5@:>2=>9 A>1AB25==>AB8 2;5G5BJ 70 A>1>N AB@0H=KO =0:070=iO >BJ >30. =J ?@82>48;J 2J ?@8<c@J F0@O 87@08;LA:03> E020, :>B>@K9 =5 <=>3> 27O;J 87J B>3>, GB> ?>A2OI5=> >3C, => 3=c2J >6i9 ?0;J =0 25AL 7@08;L. #:07K20;AO 8<J 8 F0@L 538?5BA:i9 (8H0;J, :>B>@03> ?>@078;J >A?>4L 70 ?>E>4J =0 I5@CA0;8<J AJ Fc;LN >2;04cBL A>:@>28I0<8 I5@CA0;8<A:03> E@0<0, 0 B0:65 0AA8@i9A:i9 F0@L !5==0E8@8<J, 70E>Bc2Hi9 27OBL 3>@>4J I5@CA0;8<J 8 >A:25@=8BL 53> A2OBK=N; >A?>4L @C:>N =35;0 ?>@078;J 70 MB> A<5@BLN 185 BKAOGJ 0AA8@i9A:03> 2>9A:0. <font color=#808080><small>[@>D. K7K:8=J.  0B@i0@EJ 8:>=J , G. II, AB@. 38.]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>?@>G5<J, C:07K20;J . 8:>=J 8 =0 Bc =5AG0ABLO, :>B>@KO A;CG8;8AL 2J >AAi8 70 G0AB8G=CN A5:C;O@870FiN F5@:>2=03> 8<CI5AB20, =0?><8=0O > 65@B20EJ GC<K 1654 55 3.3., > 3815;8 >BJ GC<K 1>O@J, >AB02;5==KEJ F0@5<J 2J >A:2c 2> 3;02c AJ :=O75<J @>=A:8<J, 8 AB@0H=>5 ?>@065=i5 0A8;iO (5@5<5BL520 8 :=O7O 20=0 %>20=A:03>. <font color=#808080><small>[Ibid,, G. II, AB@. 300 301.]</SMALL></FONT></P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>J ?@54GC2AB2i8 =5A@02=5==> 1>;LH8EJ =5AG0ABi9, >68402H8EJ >AAiN 70 >B=OBi5 F5@:>2=03> 8<CI5AB20 8 70 ?>3;>I5=i5 3>AC40@AB25==>N 2;0ABLN F5@:>2=>9, . 8:>=J =5 <>3J =5 >1@0B8BL 2=8<0=iO F0@O ;5:AcO 8E09;>28G0 =0 A2>5 AB@0H=>5 A>==>5 284c=i5, 1K2H55 5<C 2J 1661 3. 2J &5@:28 >2>i5@CA0;8<A:03> <>=0ABK@O 70 CB@5=59. !2. 5B@J, 8B@>?>;8BJ >A:>2A:i9, O28;AO . 8:>=C 8 ?>25;c;J ?@54C?@548BL F0@O ;5:AcO 8E09;>28G0, GB> >3C =5 C3>4=K 53> ?>AO30B5;LAB20 =0 F5@:>2=>5 8<CI5AB2> 8 2>A?@iOBi5 8<J =0 A51O 0@Ei5@59A:03> AC40; A2OB8B5;L C3@>60;J AB@0H=K<J =0:070=i5<J >6i8<J 70 ?>ABC?:8 F0@O, :>B>@>5 @07@078BAO =04J F0@A:>N 2;0ABLN 2J >AAi8. -B> =0:070=i5 1K;> ?>:070=> 2J 284c=i8 . 8:>=C 2J 284c =5>1KG09=03> >3=5==03> ?;0<5=8, 8AH54H03> 87J >A:>2A:03> #A?5=A:03> A>1>@0 8 ?>3;>B82H03> F0@A:i9 42>@5FJ.</P> <p align=left><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>>>1I5 . 8:>=J A<>B@c;J =0  #;>65=i5 , :0:J =0 ?@>B82>:0=>=8G5A:iO @5D>@<K, :>B>@KO 4>;6=K 1K;8 25AB8 >AAiN :J 3815;8. 540@><J . 8:>=J =07K20;J  #;>65=i5 ?@>:;OB>N C;>65==>N :=83>N.<font color=#808080><small> [Ibid., G. 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